42 THE MICROSCOPE. Mar., 



THE MICROSCOPE. 



New Series, 1893. 



For Naturalists^ Physicians, and Druggists, and Designed to Populnriz* 



Microscopy. 



Published monthly. Price $1.00 per annum. Subscriptions should end 

 "with the year. The old series, consisting of 12 volumes {i8Si-iSg2). endrd 

 -jjith December, i8gi. Sets of the old series cannot he furnished. All 

 correspondence, exchanges, and books for notice should be addressed to the 

 Microscopical Publishifig Co., Washington, D, C, U. S. A. 



CHARLES W. SMILEY. A. M.. EDITOR. 



EDITORIAL. 



Economic Uses of Lichens. 1. Iceland Moss, Cetraria 

 islaudica, is boiled and eaten with milk by the Icelanders. 

 Often it is their only food. 



2. Reindeer Moss, Cladina is powdered and mixed with 

 flour. It is an important food of the reindeer. 



3. Tripe de roche, Gyrophorei, is eaten after being boiled by 

 the Canadian hunters and Indians. 



4. Manna lichen, Lecanora, has often been eaten by men and 

 and cattle in Algiers and Tartar3\ 



5. An alcoholic spirit is distilled from Cladina rangiferina 

 in Scandanavia and Russia. 



6. Sticta palmonaria is used in place of hops in brewing. 



7. The dyes, archil, cudbear and litmus are derived from 

 Roccella, purple dye, Lecanora, red dye, Ramalina, Parmelia, 

 Umbilicaria, etc. 



8. A substitute for gum-arabic is obtained from Ramalina 

 fraxinea, Evernia prunastri, and Parmelia physodes. 



9. Perfumery has been obtained from Usnea, Ramalina, 

 Evernia and Cladina. 



10. Jaundice has been treated with Platrysma juniperinum. 



11. Pertusaria amara is a febrifuge. 



12. No lichen is poisonous. 



Those interested in collecting Lichens will find a key to the 

 genera in the American Monthly Microscopical Journal for 



