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MENDELIAN CHARACTERS IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS, 117 
Similarly ‘ Yellow Prince’ crossed with ‘White Queen,’ a dwarf race 
with white segments, gave in F, cross-breds which were indistinguishable 
from ‘ White Queen,’ white being dominant and yellow recessive. In F, 
segregation took place, there being approximately three ‘ White Queen’ 
to one ‘ Yellow Prince’ (87 : 18). 
When, however, ‘Crimson King’ was crossed with ‘White Queen,’ 
all the cross-breds in F, were reds, but a different shade from that of 
‘Crimson King’; the shade of the cross-breds corresponded with ‘ Rouge 
Amarante ’ (amaranth red) in “ Rép. de Coul.” t. clxvill. (tones 8 and 4). In 
F, segregation into four types took place, there being approximately 
nine Amaranth Red, three ‘Crimson King,’ three ‘ White Queen,’ one 
‘Yellow Prince’ (81 : 22 : 26: 8). 
This result suggests that the red colour of ‘Crimson King’ is really 
a compound of red and yellow represented in the gametes by two distinct 
factors, KR and Y, which, when associated, produce the zygotic red of 
‘Crimson King’; in the zygote the red colour predominates over the 
yellow, and so long as the two colours are associated ‘Crimson King’ 
breeds true colour, but when dissociation takes place through crossing, 
the compound red-yellow of ‘ Crimson King’ is segregated into amaranth- 
red and the sulphur-yellow of ‘ Yellow Prince.’ * 
In these three colour forms of antirrhinum, red, yellow, and white, 
the Mendelian character pairs are evidently not red and yellow, red and 
white, and yellow and white, as might be supposed, but are apparently 
two pairs only, viz. (1) presence (R) and absence (r) of red, presence being 
dominant and absence recessive; (2) presence (Y) and absence (y) of 
yellow, absence being dominant and presence recessive. 
The gametic formula of ‘Crimson King’ may therefore be regarded 
as (R+ Y), amaranth-red as (R+y), ‘ Yellow Prince’ as (r+ Y), and ‘ White 
Queen’ as (r+y). On this basis the whole of the results are clear, and the 
inheritance is strictly in accordance with the Mendelian principles. 
One interesting and curious feature of these experiments with 
antirrhinum is the demonstration of recessiveness of presence of yellow 
sap and the apparent dominance of a negative quality. 
As in the case of the tomatos, the practical importance of these 
results to the breeder les in the fact that any of the four colour types 
can be quickly fixed, no matter how they may have arisen, by anyone 
possessing a knowledge of the Mendelian principles, and their various 
behaviours when crossed can be faithfully predicted for any number of 
generations.T 
* Both the red and yellow colours concerned are apparently sap-colours, being 
soluble in water, and each solution gives a distinct chemical reaction. A suggestive 
demonstration of the compound nature of the red colour of ‘Crimson King’ may 
be seen when a solution of the amaranth-red is added toa solution of ‘ Yellow 
Prince’; this gives a similar solution to that obtained from ‘Crimson King,’ and 
both solutions give the same chemical reactions. 
+ At the Conference Miss Wheldale suggested that ‘White Queen’ was nota 
white but a cream. 
It is true that ‘ White Queen’ is not an absolute albino, seeing that it has a yellow 
palate and two rows of yellow hairs within the corolla tube, but the five corolla 
segments are pure white when mature, and no trace of the red or yellow sap-colours 
could be found when the white segments were tested chemically. 
For the sake of simplicity the account of my results was confined to the white, 
yellow, and red corolla segments of the three races. With regard to the remainder 
