STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 249 



limbs. Avoid a juncture of fast and slow growing varieties; they 

 do not form a good union. Whip grafting is done in the same 

 manner as root grafting. A sloping cut being made on the stock 

 and scion to correspond with each other, and a cut is then made in 

 the face of this cut in such a manner that when placed with the 

 faces of the cut to each other and forced, with a sufficient pressure 

 together, the cut sections of wood will cause the scion and stock to 

 adhere firmly together. They should then be wound with cloth 

 and the whole waxed so as to exclude the air and moisture. Saddle 

 grafting is used but little, and is not practical for outdoor work. 



Budding is of more importance in the propagation of cherry 

 and peach stock, although it is used in apple culture by east^irn 

 nurserymen. Stocks one and two years old is the customary age. 

 The work is done as follows, and in August and September: A 

 longitudinal slit is made barely through the bark one and one-half 

 inches in length, and from three to six inches above the ground; 

 this slit is now cut at right angles by a cut in the opposite direc- 

 tion half an inch in length. By means of a thin ivory, metal or 

 wooden wedge, rounded in shape, the bark is carefully loosened 

 from the wood around the cuts as described, and is then ready for 

 the reception of the bud. The bud is taken from a scion of the 

 previous year's wood, and is cut from the scion with so much of 

 the surrounding bark attached as can be readily placed under the 

 bark on the stock in the receptacle as above described; carefully 

 remove all wood from the interior of the bark to which the bud 

 is attached, being particular not to injure the chit or germ of the 

 bud. Insert the bud under the bark and adjust the cut edges 

 smoothly over the piece inserted, adjusting the bud so that it will 

 be located at the right angle of the cuts in the bark of the stock; 

 wind securely with strips of thin muslin, or what is better the 

 inner bark of basswood; allow this bandage to remain ten days or 

 two weeks, by which time union will have taken place and the 

 cuts healed up. The bud will lie dormant until the following 

 spring, when it will start the same as others. After the bud shows 

 unmistakable signs of life in the spring, the old wood above the 

 new bud can be cut back and it then is in the condition of a grafted 



tree. 



The pests injurious to orchards in Minnesota are not as plenti- 

 ful as in the older horticultural states. Among the most common 

 may be named borers, aphis or leaf louse, coddling moth, cur- 

 culio, mice and rabbits. 



