STATE HOETICULTURAL SOCIETY. 263 



the open prairies shelter-belts and wind-breaks of rapid growing 

 trees will be required. They should be quite dense on the west 

 side, but only thick enough to break the force of the wind on the 

 north and south, leaving the east side open. In no case should the 

 shelter-belt be less than sixty feet of the outside row and upon the 

 north side six rods. Closer confines the air too much and tends to 

 encourage blight. 



PEOTECTIOK FROM INSECTS. 



The insects most damaging to the orchard are aphides, tent 

 caterpillars, canker worm, flat headed borer, codling moth and 

 apple curculio. The aphis or plant louse feeds upon the young shoots 

 and leaves of fruit trees, usually on the under sides, and near the 

 ends of the shoots 



REMEDIES. 



Dipping the ends of the shoots affected, in a solution of whale 

 oil soap, or strong tobacco tea or a solution of carbolic soap. When 

 the trees are too large to dip, the application may be made with a 

 garden syringe. Two doses will generally conquer them. 



TENT CATERPILLAR. 



These insects form tent like webs in the forks of the trees and 

 devour the foliage. 



REMEDIES. 



First is to destroy the eggs which are to be found in winter 

 clustered around the young branches, forming a ring or bracelet, 

 covered with a gluey substance to protect them from moisture. 

 Next is tearing down the nests by twisting a brush or forked 

 stick in it and crushing the worms. Kerosene, strong soap sunds, 

 and whitewash are all said to be efficient remedies. 



The canker worm is very injurious when anyways numerous. 

 The female is a ringless insect and lays her eggs in October and 

 March, or rather there are two species of them laying their eggs at 

 these times; one depositing the eggs on branches in well exposed 

 situations, glued together side by side, the other depositing them 

 under scales of bark, in birds' nests or in clumps of dried leaves. 



