112 Mycological Bulletin No. 28. [Vol. Ill 



Fig. 7, Old plant with two empty sporangia and young tertiary sporangium growing 

 out in the old secondary one. 



Figs. 8, 9, Plants half grown showing large and long vacuoles separated by granular 

 protoplasm. Both of these plants became freed from their attachment to the 

 host, the one illustrated in Fig. S was attached at two points, one point directly 

 at the base, the other upon the side a short distance from the end. The plant in 

 Fig. 9 was attached at one point on the side, a little distance from the end. 

 Here the short, slender stalk and the disk-like expansion is shown. 



Fig. 10, Plant coiled in the form of a serpent on the side of the Spirogyra thread. 



Fig. 11, Old plant with empty sporangium and young secondary sporangium develop- 

 ing within. 



Fig. 12, Mature plant, zoospores escaping, sterile, basal part limited by thin wall which 

 is arched outward slightly because of the endosmotic pressure in the protoplast, 

 and the removal of the pressure within the primary sporangium. 



Fig. 13. One individual of Har-po-clivt'ri-um attacked by another, the parasitic one one- 

 half the size and age of the host individual. 



Fig. 14, Later stage, showing degeneration of the host individual and the increased 

 size of the parasitic individual. 



Fig. 15, Mature individual attached at the side a short distance from the base. 



Fig. 16, Mature nidividual attached at the end at a point between two adjacent 

 Spirogyra cells. 



Fig. 17, Same plant with zoospores escaping. This plant was kept in cell culture and 

 the secondary sporangium from the sterile basal part began to grow before the 

 developed zoospores escaped, and was forced out slightly at one side. The apex 

 of individual; in Figs. 15, 16, show the peculiar condition shortly before forma- 

 tion of zoospores. In Fig. 17, amoeboid movement of some zoospores shown in 

 the sporangium and also escajiing. 



Fig. 18, The zoospore after escaping, still showing amoeboid movement. 



Fig. 19, Five individuals showing stages in attachment and elongation of zoospores. 

 Figs. 6, 7, 11, 12, 13, 14, show the disk-like holdfast and absorbent disk between 

 the outer and inner lamellae of cell wall. 



Figs. 1-19 from specimens collected at Ithaca, N. Y. Fig. 24, after Dangeard. 

 IIar-fo-chyt'-ri-um hvalothecae. Lagerheim. 



Fig. 20, Showing two young individuals attached to cell of host (Hyalctheca dis- 

 siliens), one of the zoospores still within the slime and just having devrloprd 

 the slender stalk; the other individual, the zoospore having elongated and the 

 outer end projpcti"0; beyond the slime sheath. 



Fig. 21. Mature individual attacked by a filamentcu? bacterium. 



Figs. 20, 21, from specimens collected at Tth'-.ca, N. V. Fig. 2"), after Piobi. l'"ig. 

 26, jifter Lagerheim. 



Har-po-chvt -Ri-UM iNiERMF.niUM, Atkinson. 



Fig. 22, Half grown individual attached to Conferva utriculosa. showing disk-like 

 haustorium between outer and inner lamellae of cell wall. 



Fig. 23, Mature individ«al with emnty primary sporangium, and young secondary 

 sporangium developing. Figs 22, 23, from material collected at Ithaca, N. Y. 



The genus Ca-los'-to-m.\. — This is a small group of Gas-tro-my-cc'- 

 iflus fungi having some affinity with the common Piiffhalls. A very good 

 account is given of the American species by Mr. C. E. Burnap, in the 

 Botanical Gazette, of March, 1887. Vol. 33. p. 180-192. with plate. His 

 study was based mainly on the commonest species. He says: "The fact 

 that this fungus passes its early stages just below the surface of the ground 

 and is usually protruded only after the elements of the glcini. or spore 

 bearing portion have disappeared by absorption, renders it dil^cult to 

 l)rocure in. a young condition. At maturity Ciilostnma cinnabarinum, which 

 is the most common .American species and may serve as a type for the 

 whole genus, presents the appearance of an ochraceous globose body open- 

 ing above by a stellate mouth guarded by tooth-like valves, and extending 

 l)clow into a footstalk composed of anastomosing strands. The gleba lies 

 at the center of the globose body, and is surrounded in its younger sta^^es 

 by four layers: (1) the volva. an outer gelatinous layer which soon dis- 

 appears; (2) the exoperidium. a layer just witliin the volva. also break- 

 ing away at an early stage; {?>) tfie endoperidiuni. which is the external 

 layer in older specimens; and (4) the spore sac containing the ideba." 

 There are four American species, namely, Ca-los'-to-nia ciii-xa-I'd-ri'-iiniii. 

 Ca-los'-to-ina lu-trs'-cciis. Ca-los'-fo-iiid vo-it-ucI'-U. and i-a-h's'-to-iiio 

 ini-cro-sf'o'-noii. 'I'he nnme Ca-las'-to-nui. formed of two (irrek words, 

 means luuiutifn! mouth. Some authors use the name .l//-//-(-/»'-y-C('.s- instead 

 — l)Ut this is not the original name and hence not tenable. 



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