MAN AND APES. 29I 



in conjunction with the posterior corner of the lateral 

 ventricle, it has been exhibited by a number of distin- 

 guished anatomists in the orang and chimpanzee. 



Thus, for those who will not relinquish their hope of 

 finding specific distinctions between the brain of man 

 and ape, there remain only the furrows and ridges on the 

 surface of the cerebrum, the so-called convolutions of the 

 brain. But here, again, it is in vain to look for funda- 

 mental differences, unless the chief stress is to be laid 

 upon the circumstance that in the human embryo the 

 folds commence in the frontal, in the apes in the supra- 

 orbital lobes. The constant convolutions common to 

 all human brains are seen in the orang and chimpanzee. 

 These convolutions are lost, or rather exist in less per- 

 fection, in the apes approaching the Anthropomorpha ; 

 they are totally absent in the Ouistitis. But so great 

 is the resemblance of the brain of the two apes mentioned, 

 with that of man, that, as Broca says, " it requires the 

 eye of an experienced anatomist to discriminate, in 

 drawings reduced to the same dimensions, their brain 

 from the human brain, especiajly if the object of compa- 

 rison selected, be the brain of negroes or Hottentots, 

 which are more simple than those of white men." A 

 desperate attempt to rescue a specifically human cere- 

 bral character was made by the lamented Gratiolet, 

 the anatomist, of Paris. Man was to be distinguished 

 by the so-called transitional or bridging convolutions. 

 These transitional folds are convolutions, by which 

 the posterior lobes of the cerebrum are joined to the 

 anterior and lateral portions. But Broca has lucidly 

 demonstrated that it is the same with this as with 

 other characteristics, and that the transitional f(>lds in 



