REFERENCES AND QUOTATIONS. 319 



" Nageli proves that since the glacial period an alteration 

 has taken place in Alpine plants, and the manner in which it 

 occurred." 



*°J. Broca, L'Ordre des Primates. Parallele anatomique de 

 I'homme and des singes, 1870. 



^^ Descent of Man, p. 367. 



^' At the time at which we write, we have before us, unfortunately^ 

 only the incomplete reports of the daily papers, and the syllabus 

 of Professor Max Miiller's " Three Lectures on Mr. Darwin's 

 Philosophy of Language." 



^^ Zollner, " Ueber die Natur der Kometen" (i ed. p. 305). 



^* For the further instruction of the reader, we will allow another 

 Philosopher and Naturalist to speak respecting the primordial com- 

 mencement of life, to our apprehension so simply accountable. 

 The hypothesis of origin is under discussion. In the critical 

 examination of the " Philosophie des Unbewussten" (7) it runs 

 thus, p. 22. The " Philosophie des Unbewussten" says, p. 558 : 

 "It is probable that before the origin of the first organisms, 

 organic combinations existed which (p. 556) were under the influ- 

 ence of a damp atmosphere, abounding in carbonic acid, and of a 

 higher temperature, light, and stronger electric influences. If these 

 presuppositions are adopted, and the consideration added that if 

 conditions thus favourable to primordial generation once existed, 

 which they must have done — they probably endured during con- 

 siderable geological periods — the inference is in truth inevitable 

 that in lapse of time and with change of circumstances, these 

 organic substances aggregated into innumerable combinations. 

 Among these innumerable modes of arrangement, groupings and 

 combinations, by far the greater portion must remain at the grade 

 of inorganic_/i7r;;z, because it has not attained the needful chemical 

 composition and physical properties ; a very much smaller portion 

 of the results produced by these combinations of organic materials 

 might perhaps transitorily approach the organic form or even actu- 

 ally assume it, yet without possessing the constitution necessary to 

 maintain it permanently ; a third and yet smaller portion might 

 perhaps maintain this form for itself in the exchange of material, 

 about as long as the approximate duration of life of one of the 

 most primitive of the present Protists, yet lacked those properties 

 which preserve the species by division and reproduction after the 



