« Be) 
The vALvuL# are variously shaped, generally coriaceous; 
they form a sheath, or case for the tongue in repose, and it 
is to them that the exterior palpi are attached, the interior 
being affixed to the apex of the tube of the tongue (mentum, 
M‘Leay). 
The comparative investigation of the structure of the 
THORAX throughout the order of the Hymenoptera, is a 
subject that well merits strict attention, and which, in its 
connection with their organs of locomotion, would be rich 
in its results towards advancing a philosophical knowledge 
of the order, and more fully determining their natural 
arrangement.* Much doubt and confusion still exists upon 
the subject although we possess two or three essays, which, 
as far as they go, are admirable in execution. This work 
being restricted to a small tribe only of the order, it would 
not be in place, nor is it my intention, to enter into it here: 
I shall satisfy myself, and I hope my readers, with a few 
generalities, going only into those parts which are at all 
dwelt upon in the following pages. I shall consider the 
organs of locomotion after the general view of the thorax, 
which, although not the most correct mode of proceeding, 
is the most convenient to my purpose. 
The thorax is generally ovate, seldom cylindrical (Sapyga), 
* It is a subject that would require the accompaniment of a series of plates. 
Mr. Newman will doubtlessly enter into it, but as his treatise is general I fear 
he will not be able to give it all the space it requires, for the admirers of the 
other orders have equal claims upon him. Its progressive development should 
be faithfully recorded, unbiassed by any theory, and nothing should be seen but 
what absolutely exists. In reference to it the following works will be found 
useful : — 
Burmeister’s Manual of Entomology—(a tabular view of the terms used by 
the several writers at p. 90,)—and the writers to whom he refers. 
Jurine, L., Observations sur les Ailes des Hyménoptéres. Transactions of 
the Academy of Turin. Vol, 24. 4to. 1820. 
