BIHANG TILL K. SV. VET.-AKAD. HANDL. BAND. 95. N:O 1, 5) 
These phenomena are found not only in Europe where- 
ever there are traces of the ice-age, but are also observable in 
the United States and in the region to the north of them. 
Each glacier has had its own limited area, and the same 
appears to have been the case with all the great drift-deposits 
in North America. 
The greatest ice-field of Europe was that which originated 
in the highlands of Scandinavia and thence extended over 
those portions of northern Europe Which are known to be 
covered by Scandinavian erratics. By investigations extending 
through a long period of years, I have found that the above- 
mentioned glacial beds or deposits exist in all the coun- 
tries above indicated. 
The Scandinavian glacier crossed the Baltic and the 
German ocean and extended its moraines into the suburbs 
of London on the west, to the slopes of the Riesengebirge 
in the southeast and to the Tscheskaia bay of the Icy sea 
on the northeast. 
The presence of precisely similar phenomena in North 
America has established in the minds of a majority of geolo- 
gists the conviction that a vast area, over which such phe- 
nomena are found, has also been covered with ice. But if 
we carefully examine this region, it will readily appear that 
the glacial area is not continuous from ocean to oceam, but 
is divisible into the northeastern area and the Rocky moun- 
tain area and others to the west, separated by a broad driftless 
belt extending from the base of the Rocky mountains to the 
close vicinity of the Mississippi, thus forcing the conclusion 
that the great eastern and western ice fields have had totally 
different sources. 
It has been the opinion of many distinguished American 
geologists that the source of the castern ice-field is to be 
searched for in the Canadian highland. Against this opinion se- 
veral important reasons may be urged. First, in those parts of 
Canada in which the glaciers in question are supposed to 
have originated we have reason to believe that the rocks are 
rounded and scratched, phenomena everywhere recognized as 
glacial, but, I think, in no case characterizing rocks known 
to have been covered with perpetual snow. 
Again, the elevation and extent of the highest portions 
of Canada are hardly sufficient to account for the requisite 
