6 O. TORELL, GLACIAL PHENOMENA OF N. AMERICA. 
accumulation of snow and ice. And, finally, so far as I have 
learned, there is not formed upon the rocks of the northern 
slope of Canada, nor in boulders moved by glacial force, 
any satisfactory evidence that there has been a northward as 
well as southward movement of glaciers from the highlands 
of Canada. 
If, therefore, the phenomena of the northern and eastern 
United States usually supposed to be glacial are indeed 
such, and if there is not sufficient reason for assuming the 
Canadian highlands to have been the source of the glaciers 
which produced these phenomena, then their source must 
be found elsewhere. I think it will be coneeded by all 
geologists who have studied the glacial phenomena of these 
regions that both the character of the erratics and the direc- 
tion of the scratches upon the rocks show that this source 
must lie to the northeast. Following the line of glacial mo- 
vement across Baffins bay and Davis” strait to Greenland, 
we find the largest body of land in the northern hemisphere 
covered by ice and snow to a depth not less than 2000 feet 
and at this moment sending down its icebergs as far as the 
middle Atlantic. 
From the 60" degree of latitude to above the 80”, this 
vast area of land is known to be ice-covered, and from the 
scarcity of the icebergs on the eastern compared with the 
western coast of that land, it may be concluded that the 
general slope of the surface is to the southwest, and in the 
exact direction of the glacial markings and of what is known: 
to have been the course of transported boulders in north- 
bastern America. 
Moreover, if we bear in mind the ascertained fact that 
during the glacial period the glaciers moving from the heights 
of Greenland toward the sea could not have formed detached 
icebergs, as now, but must have for the time blocked up all 
avenues except the one of easiest escape for the immense 
accumulations of ice, we may reasonably assume that this 
avenue was southwestward directly across the British America 
and the northeastern parts of the United States. 
Finally, it may be remarked that this view is strongly 
confirmed by a comparison of the Scandinavian with the 
American glacial areas, for, in addition to the identity of the 
general phenomena, there is observable a marked resemblance 
