72 ^[I^■^■ESOTA state HORTICUI/rURAL SOCIETY. 



tions for the use of Bordeaux, a somewhat difficult matter, since with 

 different plant diseases it would be used in somewhat diffcreiii 

 ways. In general I would suggest spraying the trees witli Bor- 

 deaux just before the buds open and again just preceding the 

 bloom in the case of orchard trees, and immediately after all the 

 bloom has dropped ; then about every two weeks for two or three 

 applications. I believe this treatment if persisted in will make a 

 marked change in many of our nurseries. I know of one nursery 

 where dry Bordeaux has been used one or two seasons quite thor- 

 oughly, and this summer I was struck with fhe excellent appear- 

 ance of the trees. I never have seen a finer lot of trees and more 

 free from scab or lice attacks anywhere, and I ascribe this largely 

 to the faithful use of Bordeaux and to clean cultivation. If you 

 wish to compound Paris green with the Bordeaux it can be done to 

 good advantage in the later sprayings, and will kill leaf-eating, 

 or insects of tlie nursery, and fruit-eating, or insects of the orchard. 

 Add about six ounces of Paris green or one gallon of arsenate of 

 lead to every fifty gallons of Bordeaux mixture. It may be un- 

 necessary to give the formula for m,laking Bordeaux mixture, but 

 .since there are some, perhaps, who have not used it, it is included 

 here. 



Dissolve four pounds of copper sulphate (IjIuc vitrol ) ir. 

 four gallons of water ; slake six pounds of quick lime and allow 

 to cool, and when wanted for use add twenty-five gallons of water to 

 each solution, and pour the two different solutions together. There 

 are other formulae for this fungicide, but in substance they are 

 nearly identical. The copper sulphate solution should be kept 

 either in a wooden or earthen vessel. This strength is perfectly 

 safe and effective for fruit trees generally. On the young growth 

 of plum, however, and cherry, if is best to use only three pounds of 

 copper sulphate, with the same amount of lime and same amount of 

 water. ■ It is to be borne in mind that this fungicide only acts 

 on the surface of the fruit or leaf or t'wig and, therefore, must be 

 applied early enough and frequently enough to keep the surface 

 coated. After the mycelium, in other words the threads of the 

 fungus, get below tlie surface, the Bordeaux does not affect them. 



Mr. Merritt : How will winter spraying do for ])lum rot and 

 bitter rot? 



Prof. Washburn: It will be all right for the destruction of 

 those winter spores. The plum pocket T overlooked, but I should 

 put that in the same category ; that also has these winter spores. I 

 am going to make a suggestion : I notice people taking notes, and 

 they take those notes home with ilnem and m.ake up their minds to 

 try this spraying and get rid of the troubles that are bothering 



