146 MINNESOTA STATE HOKTICL'LTUKAL .-.OCIETY. 



part of the tree, leaving a few limbs to take up surplus sap 

 caused by severe trimming. Then saw a slit through the bark, 

 lengthwise of the limb to be grafted, one and one-half to two in- 

 ches long, and one-fourth to one-half inch deep, where the limb was 

 sawed off, according to size of scion used. Take the circular 

 knife shown in cut and trim out. Cut scarf wedge shape, one- 

 fourth to one-third of an inch wide at the widest place. This is done 

 by inserting the point of the knife at the lowest point of the slit and 

 giving the knife a rolling cut up to the end of the slit. Trim out 

 all slivers smoot^ily, and then you are ready for the scion. This 

 is to be made wedge shape with one end cut off to a point, with a 

 bud about half way down on the uncut side of the wedge. In 

 using the graft hold the point at the bottom of the slit and drive 

 it in firmly so the bark of both scion and stock will come together. 

 The reason why there should be a bud on the scion at the point in- 

 dicated is that where the bud is there is a slightly raised growth^ 

 and it is easier to have the saps cross at this point', thus insuring 

 a more perfect union. Three buds are usually left on each scion, 

 and if the lower bud is placed in the center of the slit the graft 

 makes a more perfect union, and it serves as a brace to support 

 the rest of the scion's growth. When the buds on the grafts have 

 made eight to ten inches growth pinch out the leaders and thereby 

 cause them to form side branches. Keep all sprouts cleaned off 

 from the limbs grafted. Sometimes in windy and very exposed 

 positions, it is well to tie a strong limb to the stock, also a tie 

 around the graft, to give it support until it is firmly established. 



THE JAPANESE WALNUT. 



(A discussion.) 



The Chairman : Tell us about the Japanese walnut, Mr. Em- 

 penger. 



Mr. Empenger : I bought some trees five years ago, and one 

 of the trees began to bear a year ago, and I raised four quarts of 

 nuts. They were broken off and neglected to some extent, but 

 they came on in pretty good shape. That is about all the history 

 I can give you about them. 



Mr. Brady : I have paid some attention to Japanese walnuts. 

 Mr. Wilfert has some trees that are five or six years old, and the 

 last two or three years they have borne nearly a bushel of nuts to 

 the tree. I have got some trees from him. The bark is white, 

 and it is a nice looking tree ; it looks as fine as birch and is very 

 pretty, and the nuts are fine, better than our black walnuts. On 

 low lands, where they grow pretty rank, they seem to winter-kill, 

 but on high soil they seem to do splendidly. 



