WINTERING NURSERY STOCK DELIVERED IN THE FALL. 397 



Mr. Cole: There is another thing about this fall delivery 

 we have to consider. If you wait to deliver all your nursery 

 stock in the spring, the nurserymen will "bust" in the business. 

 At least half of our customers in the country can raise but little 

 money in the spring, but they have got it in the fall. (Laughter.) 



Mr. M. R. Cashman: As I understand it, the efforts of this 

 society are directed toward the encouragement of tree and fruit 

 planting in the northwest, and there is no surer way of discourag- 

 ing fruit growing than to tell a man to plant his apple and plum 

 trees in the fall of the year. One thing I have found by actual 

 experience, where we have successful orchards delivered in the fall 

 the trees were properly heeled in. That means a number of things. 

 It means that each tree should be separately covered with moist 

 dirt and then soaked with water so they can be taken up in the 

 spring in as good condition as they were put in in the fall. This 

 can be done easier by the customer than it can be done in the 

 nursery. I pack trees in a storage building and put them in in 

 good shape, while with the same labor a farmer could heel a tree 

 in on his own farm. When the time comes for plantmg in the 

 spring he has his trees right on the ground and can plant them 

 early and at the proper time. That is one point in favor of de- 

 livering trees in the fall. Where we ship from one place to 

 another the climate is not always the same, and we do noi get the 

 same results. I find in delivering trees in the spring we are 

 apt to have very hot, muggy weather, and if they are not very well 

 packed the tree is liable to sprout in the box, which makes it practi- 

 cally worthless. Where you get your trees in the fall, bury them 

 in the proper manner, if they are good when delivered and if 

 properly planted in the spring, I venture to say that every one or 

 them will srrow. 



THE ORCHARD OF SOUTHWESTERN MISSOURI. 



A TALK, 



Mr. Wyman Elliot : Two minutes is a mighty short time in 

 which to cover a thousand miles of travel, but I want to say to you 

 that our conditions are fully as good as they are down in Missouri, 

 according to the observations I made on this trip. The trees are 

 badly scabbed and look as though a fire had been through them ; 

 the foliage was burned yellow when ours was green, and I don't 

 think it was from frost, but it was from too much wet. They have 

 immensely large orchards down therej I will admit. They have 

 from three to five hundred acres in one orchard ; one orchard had 

 1, 600 acres, and there was a peach orchard there of 3,000 acres and 

 all of one variety, the Elberta. The best locations, where they raise 

 the best fruit, is on those light limestone soils on their sidehills. 

 They have the same experience we have here, on their low grounds 

 the fruit is not nearly as good in quality as that grown on high 



