14 BROOKLYN BOTANIC GARDEN MEMOIRS 
sporulation until the second or third cell of the new growth, would 
carry the zygote to the level of that in Sphaerotheca, in the true 
ascomycetes. 
4. Vegetative growth of the zygote with splitting of the same by 
branching, thus multiplying the terminal branches of the zygote in 
which free cell sporulation takes place, carries the zygote to the level 
of Pyronema, Monascus, etc., in the true ascomycetes. 
5. Organization of a fruit body by formation of a peridium of the 
interwoven terminal branches of the mycelium. This is already 
realized in the complex zygocarp of Endogone, the peridium being on a 
level with that in the Gymnoascaceae. 
6. Organization of a peridium by enveloping hyphal branches of 
the type in Monascus, the Erysiphaceae, Aspergillus, etc. This feature 
is already realized in the simple zygocarp of Endogone lactiflua. 
RELATION OF THE ZYGOTES AND AZYGOTES IN ENDOGONE 
Several species of Endogone are parthenogenetic (EZ. macrocarpa, 
microcarpa, pisiformis, etc.), yet the ‘‘resting spores”’ are similar to 
the resting zygotes of E. sphagnophila, ludwigit, etc., in all other 
respects so far as known at present, with the exception of the number 
of nuclei in the resting stage. According to Bucholtz the zygotes of 
the sexual species, EF. lactiflua and E. ludwigit, are binucleate in the 
resting stage, while the azygotes of E. pisiformis, macrocarpa, micro- 
carpa, etc., are multinucleate. However, the zygotes of the sexual 
species EL. sphagnophila, are probably multinucleate in the resting 
stage. It is very probable that at the time of germination the zygotes 
of E. lactiflua and E. ludwigit become multinucleate by successive 
divisions of the fusion nucleus. It is, therefore, very likely that the 
phenomena of germination, whatever the type of germination is for 
Endogone, is the same in the sexual and parthenogenetic species. It is 
quite evident that the branch in which the azygote is formed is the 
morphological equivalent of a gametange, just as the sporangia and 
gametangia of Monoblepharis, Saprolegnia, etc., are morphological 
equivalents. If there were sex differentiation among the nuclei of 
the zygotes followed by fusion, then the azygotes would be strictly 
homologous with the zygotes, in fact they would be zygotes. Bucholtz 
(1912) regards the simple zygocarp of Endogone lactiflua as homologous 
with the germ sporangium (carposporangium) of the Mucorales and 
Peronosporales. In a certain degree this is true, but it is also homo- 
logous with the zygote of the Mucorales and Peronosporales. In the 
Mucorales the germ sporangium is external to the zygote while in the 
Peronosporales it is internal. The germ sporangium of Endogone is 
not known, it may be internal or external to the zygote. The zygote 
