HARSHBERGER: AMERICAN HEATHS AND PINE HEATHS 181 
uva-ursi) (Figs. 3 and 4). The growth of low oaks found over a 
large part of Nantucket and the central part of Marthas Vineyard 
may be looked upon as an oak-heath, because many of the associates 
of Quercus nana and Q. prinoides belong to the heath family. The 
soil conditions are such that a dry peat is formed over a subsoil of 
sand and gravel, just as we find in the heathland of European countries. 
The island of Nantucket is also characterized by the presence of 
the broom-crowberry (Corema Conradii), which grows rather plenti- 
fully in the central part of the island (Fig. 5), and along Tom Never’s 
Bluff. It forms on Nantucket round-headed clumps, which vary in 
Fic. 4. Bearberry (Arctostaphylos uva-ursi) spreading over a denuded gravel 
slope, Nantucket. August 20, 1914. 
size from a few feet across to many feet in diameter. Along Tom 
Never’s Head, owing probably to the undermining of the bluff by 
the action of the surf, we find the plant mingling with the true beach 
plants of the upper sea beach. In New Jersey, the most local and 
peculiar plant of the Lower and Upper Plains is the broom-crowberry 
which grows in two general forms. The first type of plant is one 
which grows in dense cushions (Fig. 6) about 3 decimeters (1 foot) 
tall, its color varying from light green through dark green to a rich 
brown color, distributed in clumps between the prostrate pine trees. 
That this is the typic form is indicated by the fact that it is the type 
