TRELEASE: THE ANCIENT OAKS OF AMERICA 499 
6. The following American fossil oaks require renaming because 
their names are preoccupied in the genus: Q. affinis Knowlt., not 
Scheidw. (Q. clarnensis n. nom.), Q. Breweri Lesq., not Wats. (Q. 
Berryi n. nom.), Q. cuneata Newb., not Wang. (Q. Newberryi n. nom.), 
Q. elliptica Newb., not Née (Q. washingtonensis n. nom.), Q. latifolia 
Lesq., not Steud. (Q. dryophyllopsis n. nom.), Q. laurifolia Newb., 
not Michx. (Q. Penhallowi n. nom.), QO. montana Knowlt., not Willd. 
(Q. Cockerellii n. nom.), Q. occidentalis Knowlt., not Gay (Q. van- 
couveriana n. nom.), Q. pandurata Heer, not H. & B. (Q. alaskana n. 
nom.), Q. salicifolia Newb., not Née (Q. Eamesi n. nom.), Q. sinuata 
Newb., not Walt. (Q. prae-undulata n. nom.), Q. Turneri Knowlt., 
not Willd. (Q. prae-dumosa n. nom.). 
7. North American oaks ascribed to the Pliocene are Q. cates- 
baeifolia Berry, Q. lambertensis Berry, Q. nigra L. fide Berry, Q. 
prae-virginiana Berry. See Berry, Professional Paper no. 98L, U. 
Secreol. Surv.; p. 200. 
8. Brazilian Pliocene oaks are Q. brasiliensis Krass., QO. Hussakii 
Krass., Q. prae-mespilifolia Krass., Q. pseudodaphnes Krass. See 
Krasser, Sitzungsber. K. Akad. Wien. 112!: 854. 
g. A summary analysis of existing American oaks is given by the 
writer in Proc. Nat. Acad. Sci. 2: 626-0. 
10. Oersted, Bidrag til Kundskab om Egefamilien i Nutid og 
Fortid (Vidensk. Selsk. Skr. Naturvid.-math. Afd. 5 ser. 6: 335), 
Copenhagen, 1871: Chénes de |’ Amérique Trop., p. 6. 
11. Von Ettingshausen, Denkschr. kK. Akad. Wien. Mathemat.- 
Naturwiss. Classe. 63: 126. This discussion stands in relation with a 
series of three largely illustrated ‘‘Beitrage zur Erforschung der 
atavistischen Formen an lebenden Pflanzen und ihrer Beziehungen zu 
den arten ihrer Gattung”’ (op. cit. 54: 245-254; 55: 1-38; 56: 47-68), 
published jointly with KraSan. 
12. The following names of European fossil oaks employed in von 
Ettingshausen’s comparison tables are preoccupied in the genus: Q. 
affinis Sap., not Scheidw. (Q. paramoea n. nom.), Q. crassipes Heer, 
not H. & B. (Q. pachypoda n. nom.), Q. wndulata Web., not Torr. 
(Q. cymaena n. nom.). 
13. Engelmann, Trans. Acad. St. Louis 2: 372; Bot. Works. 389. 
14. Von Ettingshausen, /. c. 125. 
