Roijal Microscopical Society. 107 



in front of the " hinge." The ear-drums, formed by the ex-occi- 

 pitals, are very large and hollow ; the maxillo-palatines are very 

 much scooped for an air-sac, and are like out-bent ladles, with the 

 hollow part below. The ethmo-presphenoidal bar is narrow, and 

 has a large permanent fenestra beneath it, and a pair of post- 

 orbital fontanelles above. The anterior sphenoid is formed by one 

 bone only, with scarcely a trace of orbito-sphenoidal lips. In one 

 specimen of Turdus merula (adult) the septo-maxillaries are partly 

 separated from the vomer by a " fenestra " on each side. Altogether, 

 this is a type which well repays the painstaking student. 



