216 On Bog Mosses. 



cells with fine spiral fibres. Cauline leaves Ungulate obtuse, 

 minutely fringed at apex, the areolation as in S%)h. cymbifolium. 

 Ramuline leaves closely imbricated, ovate-oblong, concave, more 

 deeply coloured at apex, which is also less cucullate, hut with cells 

 strongly projecting on the hack ; cells large, the hyaline rilled with 

 fibres and having several large foramina. The chlorophyllose 

 obtusely trigonous, projecting between the hyaline on the concave 

 surface of the leaf. The internal wall of the hyaline cells, where 

 united to the chlorophyllose, densely crested with prominent 

 papillse. 



Fruit but little exserted ; peduncular bracts oblong, convolute, 

 minutely fimbriate at the rounded apex, cells of the lower third, 

 empty, narrow, parenchymatous, above normal, more or less fibrose, 

 with large pores. The adjacent walls transversely striate by the 

 large papillse. Spores ferruginous. 



Hab., swamps. Farrago, Ocean County, New Jersey, United 

 States (Austin). In Europe only found in Sweden, Hunneberg 

 Mountain, Westrogothia, 1859 (Lindberg). Viby, Nerike, 1860 

 (Zetterstedt), both sterile. 



I am indebted to Prof. Lindberg for specimens of this fine 

 sphagnum, which we may reasonably hope will some day be found 

 in Scotland. 



EXPLANATION OF PLATE XVII. 



Sphagnum Austini. 



a. — Female plant, from Austin's collection in the Kew Herbarium. 



6. — Barren ditto from Hunneberg. 



1. — Part of stem and branch fascicle. 



3. — Perichsetium and fruit. 



4. — Bract from ditto. 4 c. — Single cell from middle of same x 400. 



5. — Stem leaves. 



6. — Leaves of divergent branch. 6p. — Point of ditto. 6 a a. — The same, expanded 



under pressure. 6 c. — Cell from middle X 200. Gx. — Section of same. 

 7. — Basal intermediate leaves. 

 8. — Leaf of pendent branch. 

 9 x. — Part of section of stem. 9 c. — Outer cortical cells. 9 c'. — Inner ditto, x 



100. 

 10.— Part of a branch denuded of leaves. 



V. — Binoculars for the Highest Powers. 



By F. H. Wenham, Vice-President E.M.S. 



I have recently made some experiments for this particular applica- 

 tion ; the result, however, claims no novelty beyond an adaptation 

 of plans already known and tried. 



There have been three separate methods by independent in- 

 ventors, in which the whole aperture with a full field can be 



