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•We have before us an admirable work on this disease, by 11. Bourguignon, 

 now of Great Britain, but formerly of France. It is a book of 380 pages, and 

 ■ ought to be republished in this country. Money could be much more usefully 

 ' expended in this way than by sending commissioners to England to report their 

 views of a disease which must ever be immature compared with those given in 

 this work. 



The symptoms, as given by this writer, as well aa by others of most diseases, 

 have a fourfold division — first, the period of incubation ; second, the period of 

 ■initiation; third, the period of endurance; and fourth, the period of decline. 



We have before said that the first symptom observed is a heaviness in the 

 looks and motions of the animal, followed quickly by muscular quiverings, a 

 refusal of food, and a staring and dead condition of the hair. But these symp- 

 toms belong to the second division, that of initiation. To understand the right 

 direction of our efi"orts, we must look closely iuto the first division — 



Incubation. — When an atomic particle of the disease, so small that it is invis- 

 ible, is inhaled into the lungs of the animal, it reaches the blood of the lungs, 

 and commences to multiply itself. Silently and unperceived it is performing 

 this work, and occupies a period of from ten to twenty days before any outward 

 indications are usually given of its presence. 



" In some animals," says Mr. Bourguignon, " it scarcely betrays the derange- 

 ments produced by its morbid operation. They preserve their appetite and their 

 usual looks. A close and attentive observation would alone be able to distin- 

 guish some slight alterations in their way of living, in the regularity of their 

 rumination and sleep. But in others there is no mistaking a something irreg- 

 ular and unusual in their appearance and living. The vital state is no longer 

 the same. Thus, an animal which used to be cheerful and familar becomes silent 

 .and solitary; it browses the grass with less eagerness and avidity; it lies down 

 more frequently and longer ; it lingers by the side of the hedge and the field, or 

 it wanders about here and there with a listless look, and without any object." 



These slight symptoms of derangement, for all practical purposes, in this 

 country, where no farmer has time to watch his stock closely enough to detect 

 them, may be regarded as too slight to be useful. But the fatal work is done 

 during this stage of the disease. The same writer, describing it, says : 



'' Soon the elaboration of the virulent miasma in the organic structure changes 

 the (quality of the blood and humors, the functions of assimilation and secretion 

 are modified, the nervous centres receive vitiated organic elements and are dis- 

 turbed in their physiological conditions, and the smitten animal betrays that 

 state of latent uneasiness which he is imperfectly conscious of by a general look 

 of heaviness and stupor, (iujjhos,) [a Greek word meaning stupcr,J which has 

 suggested for this disease its name of typhus." 



When this inward progress of the disease has advanced so for that health 

 must conflict with disease, then the second period, of initiation, commences. A 

 fever ensues, constipation of the bowels, then nature throws the poisonous parti- 

 cles out of the blood upon the inward surfaces — on the lungs and windpipe, or 

 much oitener, on the mouth, throat, stomachs, and intestines. This effort of na- 

 ture is evinced by a violent diarrhoea. It is the casting out of the system these 

 poisonous atoms, and constitutes the third stage of the disease, the endurance. 

 Usually the system sinks under the effort ; it gradually yields, the diarrhoea 



