249 



Countries. 



UnitecT Kingdom 



Eussia 



Denmark, Schleswig, and Holstein 



Sweden 



Prussia 



Hanover, Saxony, Wurtemburg, and Grand 



Ducliies 



Holland 



Belgium 



France 



Spain 



Austria •. 



Bavaria 



Date of re- 

 turns. 



18G5-'66 

 1859-'63 

 1861.... 



I860.... 

 1862.... 

 1861 to 



1864. 

 1864 



I8r>6.... 



1862.... 

 1865-... 

 1863.... 

 1863-.-. 



Sheep. 



25, 



45, 



2, 



1, 



17, 



795, 708 

 130, 800 

 279, 513 

 644, 156 



428, 017 



5, 323, 223 



930,136 



583, 485 

 281,592 

 054, 967 

 964, 236 

 05S, 638 



33, 



22, 



16, 



2, 



Swine. 



3, 802, 399 



10,097,000 



471,193 



457, 981 



2, 709, 709 



1,855,114 



294, 636 



458,418 



5, 246, 403 



4,264,817 



8, 151,608 



926, 522 



In an analysis of these tables it appears that the United States led all other 

 nations in 1860 in nnmbers of cattle and swine, as doubtless, at the present 

 time, it leads in sheep likewise. As compared with population, "we had 1.5 

 people to each sheep, 1.1 to each head of cattle, and less than one to each head 

 of swine. We have now less people than sheep. 



In Europe, according to these tables, the comparison with population is as 

 follows: Denmark, 1.4 people to each head of cattle; Bavaria, 1.5; Sweden, 2; 

 Hanover, 2.2 ; Austria, 2.5 ; France, 2.6 ; Holland, 2.7 ; Russia, 2.9 ; Prussia, 

 3.2; Great Britain, 3.5; Belgium, 3.6; Spain, 5.3. 



Spain had less than a unit of population to each head of sheep; Prussia, 1 ; 

 Great Britain, 1.1; Denmark, 1.1; France, 1.1; Russia, 1.6; Hanover, 1.7; 

 Austria, 2.1; Sweden, 2.3; Bavaria, 2.3 ; Holland, 3.8; Belgium, 7.9. 



The contrast between this country and those of Europe in the supply of swine is 

 remarkable. Spain, with a larger population than any other European state, 

 had only o.ne-fourth of our supply in proportion to population. Spain had 3.6 

 people to each head of swine; Austria, 4.4; Hanover, 5; Bavaria, 5.1; Den- 

 mark, 5.6; Prussia, 6.8 ; France, 7.1 ; Russia, 7 3 ; Great Britain, 7.6 ; Swe- 

 den, 8.3; Belgium, 9.8; Holland, 12.2. • 



AVERAGE VALUE OF CROPS PER ACRE. 



The following tables are deductions from data furnished by the corps of sta- 

 tistical observers who have reported to this department during the last four 

 years. A comparison of figures for the different States, furnished by independ- 

 ent parties who could have no collusion with each other, will show a similarity 

 in circumstances that are similar, and marked differences where one would natur- 

 ally expect them from superior culture or proximity to markets, that furnish indu- 

 bitable evidences of approximate correctness. And yet they are not assumed 

 to be entirely accurate, nor yet so accurate as they may be made in the future. 



It will excite surprise in the superficial observer, but -not in the thinking 

 mind, that "sterile New England" should show so large a value of products 

 per acre. This value results primarily from the markets created by manufac- 

 tures. They also furnish the means and the inducement to artificial fertili- 

 zation, and an encouragement to a greater expenditure of labor. It should be 

 remembered that an acre of corn in New England means more than one hun- 

 dred and sixty rods of soil slightly scratched; it means also manure and hard 



