The Phytoptus of the Vine. By Prof. Giovanni Briosi. 193 
since these cecidozoids not only do not die, but take their winter 
quarters on the plant itself, and develop with it. 
If the animals are in the buds, a large number will then be 
taken away with the pruning, and therefore the stems which 
showed the disease in the preceding summer should be kept as 
short as possible, the cut twigs carefully gathered, carried away 
out of the vineyard, and burnt. As to those portions of the 
branch which remain on the stem, as the remaining buds cannot 
be cut away under pain of almost losing the whole of the next 
harvest, one should in spring, when the first shoots have reached 
a certain length, and the galls have become apparent, cut off the 
leaves which are attacked most, and also the top of the most 
infested branches, carry them out of the vineyard, and throw all in 
the fire. This operation should be undertaken during the sunny 
hours, walking towards the sun, because the galls which at that 
epoch are still very small and almost green, can be easier seen by 
light which comes through the leaves. And this operation—easily 
carried out in the majority of the vineyards, where the vine is low 
and within reach of hand—repeated, conjointly with the short 
pruning, for some time, would, in my opinion, in a few years result 
in the destruction of this unwelcome visitor. 
EXPLANATION OF PLATES CLXXVII. AND CLXXVIII, 
Fic. 1.—A slightly attacked leaf seen from beneath. 
Fies. 2, 3.—Phytoptus laterally and belly upward, with genital valve a raised, 
and eggs b, which are about to emerge. (Enlargement 850 diameters.) 
Fiaes. 4, 5.—Phytoptus same position as above, with eggs, and part of ovary m, 
which projects out of the body torn above. (Enlargement 850 diameters.) 
Fies. 6, 7, 8.—Eggs in various stages of development. (Hnlargement 850 
diameters.) 
Fig. 9.—An egg, much developed, which shows the embryo, with the traces 
of rings and the appendages of the head and the legs already distinct. The 
embryo detached itself from the vitelline membrane under repeated treatment 
with solution of potash and acetic acid. (Enlargement 850 diameters.) 
Fic. 10.—Phytoptus scarcely come out of the egg a. (Enlargement 850 
diameters.) 
Fas. 11, 12.—Phytoptus lateral and front views, with genital valve lowered 
and shut, mandibles, &c. (Enlargement 850 diameters.) 
Fic. 13.—A leg much enlarged. 
Fic. 14.—Section across a gall, b; Phytoptus and eggs; f,e,d,A, hairs in 
various stages of development. 
Fic. 15.—Head of Phytoptus, seen across. 
