ORIGINATING NEW VARIETIES OF FRUIT. 1 77 



tiful, with a chance of somewhat lessened hardiness, then use the 

 pollen of Anisim, for from long experience and observation I have 

 discovered that the pollenizing parent stamps its color on the new 

 fruits. 



Longfield, on account of its quality and productiveness, may be 

 a very desirable combination for the north, but until we have tried 

 we never know just what affinities exist between different varieties 

 or how much vital force may be developed in the crossed offspring 

 of two varieties which have been evolved from the different condi- 

 tions of climate, soil and ancestry that have produced such distinct 

 types or families as represented by Hibernal, Anis or the other 

 varieties named. 



As an example, witness the Patten's Greening, an undoubted 

 cross with the Duchess and Rhode Island Greening, the latter neither 

 hardy nor adapted to- any part of the west, and yet the Patten's 

 Greening has proven as hardy as its parent Duchess and very pro- 

 lific. 



If we want improved sweet apples, the same principle must ap- 

 pW, great hardiness, vigor and perfection in tree, freedom from 

 rust and scab of foliage and fruit, strength of blossom, persistence 

 in bearing — in fact, every element of strength that can be discovered 

 in both the male and female parent must be carefully considered 

 and combined if we obtain the ideal fruits that we desire. 



I do not doubt that there are those here who would be very 

 greatly pleased if they knew just how to produce the apple that would 

 procure the thousand-dollar prize oft'ered by your state society, but 

 of course I am not going to tell you. Generous as we horticulturists 

 are that would be an act of munificence that very few of us could 

 afford. However, I am going to come so near telling you that 

 there is little doubt that you can guess at the rest. 



The chances that you have of producing hardy, long-keeping 

 apples here in Minnesota are as one to twenty or, more likely, one to 

 fifty. But what of it ? It is no very great labor to* pollenize enough 

 blossoms to produce five hundred to one thousand seeds. You have 

 three well known sorts, and there may be more, from which there 

 is reasonable hope of success, namely : Wealthy, Northwestern 

 Greening and the Patten's Greening. Should you cross the last 

 two you may look only for green colored apples. But what of it? 

 Grimes' Golden and Rhode Island Greening are as much sought 

 after in the market as any other apples. If you pollenize the Weal- 

 thy and the Northwestern Greening you may get some red apples, 

 unless there is great potency in the latter; if so, all the apples will 

 be green. If you reverse the formula, using the pollen of the 



