THE WHITE PINE WEEVIL. 217 



Not one but several eggs are laid in the bark, and at intervals, 

 that is, not all the eggs at one time, some shoots showing as many 

 as eight or more grubs of different stages in the summer months. 

 Sometimes the beetle will lay its eggs in the crevices of bark of 

 old trees, and under the bark of pine logs and stumps, where, as a 

 rule, no serious injury is caused. 



The grub becomes full grown at the end of the summer, hiber- 

 nates as a grub and transforms to a pupa in the spring. The beetle, 

 emerging shortly after, immediately mates and lays its eggs. Felt 

 states that in New York state he found the beetles most abundant 

 between the 13th and 26th of June, and again from the 9th of 

 August to the end of that month, an intimation that they do not all 

 hibernate as grubs. 



Affected shoots will be nearly or quite dead in the fall, bark black 

 and covered with white masses of pitch which has oozed out during 

 the summer as the result of the work of the grubs. The grubs 

 have a curious habit if one of them finds the pitch 

 already occupied by one or more of its congeners of 

 turning aside into the wood and boring therein, and 

 this politeness on the part of the larva adds to and 

 hastens the destructive results we have been discuss- 

 ing. In the course of their burrows in pith or wood, 

 we find cells, at intervals, in which the grubs undergo 

 their transformations. The round holes through white Pine weevu. 

 which the beetles emerge from these cells, or without them the 

 shrivelling and blackening of the bark and the white masses of 

 pitch, are so characteristic that one can easily recognize an in- 

 fested tree. 



The beetle, which has such a significant bearing upon the lumber 

 industry, is dull colored, a dark chestnut brown, with whitish and 

 yellowish markings on the back. 



As regards remedial measures, it is apparent at once that noth- 

 ing is practical in a large forest; though when one reflects that if 

 he would, in going through the forest, break off and destroy the 

 growing tip of young pines three or four feet high which are 

 unmistakably affected he would kill many grubs which would other- 

 wise transform into beetles and destroy other trees, one is tempted 

 to suggest that forest rangers be given that as a part of their work. 

 When trees are few, as on private grounds, or comparatively few, 

 as in a patch which is being reforested, it is fairly easy to prevent 

 these deformities. Wilting terminal twigs should be examined 

 and grubs cut out. Repulsive and at the same -time poisonous 

 washes could be applied to repel or kill the adult beetle, early in 

 June and later. The grubs are also attacked in their burrows by 



