326 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



For shipping it is absolutely necessary that the fruit should not 

 be bruised, and filling, carrying and emptying baskets should be 

 done with the greatest of care. A canvas pouch holding about 

 half a bushel, suspended from the shoulders of the picker by a 

 strap and having an opening- in the bottom which may be closed 

 by flap and button, is very convenient and less liable to injure the 

 fruit in emptying. 



The fruit is conveyed to the packing house, where it is thor- 

 oughly cooled and graded before being packed for shipping. Bar- 

 rels should be marked on one end with the name of variety used 

 in filling. The first two courses should be faced stems down. The 

 barrel should be shaken gently several times while filling and heaped 

 about two inches more than level, then head pressed in and securely 

 hooped and nailed. 



Perhaps it would be well to mention the suckers that need to be 

 removed. One kind grows at the base of the tree, robbing it of the 

 sap that should go to mature the fruit. These suckers should be 

 cut away, or, as we say, sprouted, whenever they appear. An- 

 other kind of suckers, or water sprouts, aften grow from the large 

 limbs of half hardy kinds where they have been injured by the 

 severe winters or excessive blight. These should also be sprouted 

 out. 



Then there is another kinds of suckers, grown mostly in the 

 neighboring town. They make their appearance first in a remote 

 part of the orchard, then among your choicest trees, after dark, 

 often accompanied by a two bushel sack — the same remed}- should 

 be applied as in case of the other suckers, they should be sprouted 

 out. 



Mr. Yahnke : Mr. Andrews made a remark here about suckers 

 and half hardy kinds. I would like to ask him whether the hardy 

 kinds do not sucker? If the tree does not sucker is it an indication 

 that it is hardy? 



Mr. Andrews : I have never been troubled with water sprouts 

 and suckers growing from hardy kinds. It is generally the case 

 with them only when they receive an injury. 



Mr. Yahnke : Those water sprouts appear just as soon as you 

 do much pruning on older trees, and if general pruning is done 

 does not the sprout become a water sprout? Is not that the case 

 generally ? 



Mr. A. J. Philips (Wis.) : It is with the McMahon White. 



Mr. Yahnke : Yes, in all orchards. 



Mr. Philips: I do not think you will find a McMahon White 

 anywhere in the world but what you will see it growing water 

 sprouts. The Xorthwcstern Cireening will not grow water sprouts. 



