454 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



about 40 degrees. Those other places are kept at from 36 to 38, 

 but I don't think it is necessary. 



The President : How long do ycu store your apples ? 



Mr. Howard: I put the Duchess in v/hen I gather them, just 

 like potatoes, five to six hundred bushels at a time. Then I put 

 the ice and keep it at about 40 until the Wealthy are ready, then 

 I ship the Duchess and put in the Wealthy. My Wealthy brought 

 me $3.25 and I shipped the last of them to St. Louis; so you see 

 there is an advantage in keeping them in cold storage. 



The President : Why do you not put the Duchess in barrels ? 

 I never heard of putting them in in bulk. 



Mr. Howard : I have tried that and in order to do that I have 

 to have it colder. After an apple has been in the barrel two or 

 three days it will begin to sweat, but you put them in the storage 

 house and cool them down, and it will do away with that. That 

 is the experience I had any way. 



Mr. Merritt : How do you regulate the temperature ? 



Mr. Howard : The ice regulates that. 



Mr. Merritt : You regulate it by the amount of ice you put in ? 



Mr. Howard : I do not fail to put in enough to hold the tem- 

 perature at 40 degrees. 



Mr. Ferris (la.) : Is the temperature the same top and bottom? 



Mr. Howard : Just the same top and bottom ; it is practically 

 airtight. 



Mr. C. F. Gardner (la.) : What did you get for your Duchess? 



Mr. Howard : $2.25 to $2.50 per barrel when the market 



What quantity of ice does it take? 

 Maybe twenty loads that a team would haul. 

 Just one filling? 



Yes, one filling. When the Duchess were shipped 

 the Wealthy were put in. When we put the Wealthy in we put in 

 enough ice to cool them. Through the ripening process they will 

 heat, but after that you can ship them without danger. 



Mr. Preston McCulley: What is the cost of the building? 



Mr. Howard: I cannot answer that question very definitely. 

 I did the work myself; I got the timbers out and cut them at my 

 saw mill, and I never figured the cost. 



Mr. W. L. Taylor: Did you put them in barrels? 



Mr. Howard: No, on the floor just like potatoes. I had from 

 six to seven hundred bushels on the floor at one time. 



Mr. Ferris : How about drainage ? 



Mr. Howard : It is just as dry as it is in this room. 



Mr. Martin: Do they not sweat the same in the pile as they 

 do in the barrel? 



Mr. Howard : Yes, but the ice absorbs the moisture ; it is taken 

 up with the ice and condensed and goes through the waste pipe. 



Mr. McCulley: Does it make any difference whether they are 

 put in wet or dry? 



