466 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



would not make them hardier, but they were no hardier and did not 

 grow so fast. Those I planted in my garden on a southern slope 

 are now twelve inches or more in circumference, while those planted 

 in a shady place on a north slope are not more than four inches in 

 circumference, and it will take five years before they come into 

 bearing condition, while the others are bearing now. Now, in 

 regard to setting trees. I have adopted the rule which I saw 

 recommended in the papers, running a deep furrow, running the 

 plow back and forth in one furrow, and then where the rows cross 

 if you want the hole deeper it is much easier to dig a hole in that 

 deep furrow with a spade than to bother with a check rower, and 

 that deep furrow where your row runs north and south gathers 

 the moisture, and it is a great deal better for the tree to have your 

 land plowed deep and then fill back with light, rich dirt than to dig 

 a single hole. 



Mr. Ferris (Iowa) : I rather think I may be exceeding my 

 privileges in trying to instruct Minnesota people, because I am 

 from Iowa. Here is my brother-in-law (Mr. Richardson), I like 

 to jump on him sometimes. He and I practiced in the same town 

 for some time, and now he is telling us that we should not water 

 an apple tree when planting. He says he spreads the dirt around 

 the roots and tramps it. in. When I plant an apple tree I fill in 

 enough dirt to cover the roots well, then put in water and let the 

 tree go and plant another, and then I fill it in and by putting dry 

 earth on top of it prevents baking. In this way I have had good 

 success in planting apple trees for the past twenty-five years, and I 

 think I shall have to continue that plan. 



Mr. Richardson: If you did that in Minnesota in our stiff 

 clay subsoil it would kill your trees. * 



Mr. Ferris: We are not going to have any of your soil trans- 

 planted into Iowa. If you have a good loam and have not got a 

 clay subsoil you had better put water in. 



Mr. Teigland : I think Mr. Richardson or any one else would 

 not have any trouble about the soil baking if they would run the 

 cultivator through once or twice a week. I went through twice 

 a week with the weeder, and I am sure everybody else would get 

 perfectly good results by using that method. That is what I am 

 doing, and my results are good. 



Mr. Richardson : It does not bake at the top, but at the bottom. 



Capt. Reed : There are two important things generally neglect- 

 ed in setting out apple trees. This first is that the roots are not 

 properly trimmed before the trees are set in the ground, and the 

 next is that the roots should be puddled in clay and water of a 

 thin consistency before they are planted. These are two things very 

 essential to the successful setting of apple trees. 



