WINTER-KILLING IN THE WINTER OF I905-6. l8g 



the injury to the root itself. These had been growing there for a 

 number of years. 



Mr. C. S. Harrison: Were the cottonwoods native? 



Prof. Waldron: They came from the Missouri river at Bis- 

 marck. Many of the cottonwood trees that I thought were killed 

 leafed out the first of June, and practically all of our apple trees 

 did not leaf out until the first of June. 



Mr. Benjamin : I had the same experience as the first speaker. 

 I had an arbor vitae h'edge in front of our house which was scarcely 

 aflfected except a few side limbs, and one pyramidalis was totally 

 killed to the ground, and two others which were in the same place 

 where the hedge was set out did not suffer at all. 



Mr. C. G. Patten (Iowa) : I would like to ask Mr. Smith 

 whether he noticed any fungous disease on those white pines he 

 speaks of in the rows that were killed the year before. Were they 

 not affected by any disease ? 



Mr. Smith : I looked at those trees one day, but did not dis- 

 cover anything wrong. 



Mr. Patten : They were trees mixed in with each other. 



Mr. Smith : Yes, native trees on either side. 



Mr. Patten : I can see no reason why they should be killed un- 

 less it is that in the case of all trees of all varieties, even forest 

 trees, one strain is more hardy than another and can endure more 

 under unfavorble conditions, x We see that in hard maples and 

 elms when dry seasons come, and I have no doubt there is a varia- 

 tion of the degree of hardiness if there is any injury to the foliage 

 the previous season. 



Mr. Geo. H. Whiting (S. D.) : In regard to the arbor vitae, 

 my opinion is that what kills it is the arid atmosphere. That is 

 what is the matter with our arbor vitae. The farther west we go, 

 the dryer the atmosphere becomes, and that is where the most dam- 

 age is done, and the reaspn they were so severely injured last win- 

 ter was because we had such an open winter and lots of warm, sun- 

 shiny weather. I think the dry atmosphere is what killed our arbor 

 vitae. 



Mr. Smith : In answer to that question, I was speaking with 

 a gentleman from New York^ and he said there was a great deal 

 of winter-killing of trees in New York, and that is certainly a moist 

 climate. 



Mr. Harrison : I think we will find sooner or later that the arbor 

 vitae is very unreliable even in Massachusetts. In Illinois we 

 raised arbor vitae hedges for twenty-five years, and then they were 

 wiped out, and the farther west we go, as Mr. Whiting says, the 

 more unreliable they become. There are certain death waves which 

 will pass through the country and wipe out valuable trees. Such a 

 wave ran through the Rockies, and even the ponderosa was wiped 

 out, a good many were killed and others were injured. 



The President: While we are on this subject, I am going to 

 call on Judge Moyer to say something. 



