354 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



ing in early spring, but the writer has had excellent results 

 winter-grafting with piece roots five or six inches long. The 

 Americana stocks were dug in the fall and stored away in a 

 storage cellar heeled in in sand. The grafting is done in March, 

 when the scions are collected as needed for the day. The side- 

 graft is preferred. All cuts except the lower end of the root is 

 painted over with hot wax. The grafts are heeled in in sand, 

 standing, and the roots only are covered. 



The President: Mr. Hawkins has given us a very excellent 

 description of cellar grafting. I would like to ask in regard to 

 cutting scions when frozen, is there any harm in that? 



Mr. Hawkins: I am not so sure that there is any harm, I 

 hardly think there is, but I think it is safest to cut them before 

 freezing. 



The President : I have never been able to note any differ- 

 ence. 



Mr. S. D. Richardson : I have cut lots of them when frozen. 

 If you have a dark cellar, that is all you want. I have never 

 found any bad results by cutting them when frozen, and I have 

 cut them when it was so cold I had to wear mittens. 



Mr. W. J. Moyle (Wis.) I would like to ask Mr. Hawkins 

 whether he cut plum scions every day. 



Mr. Hawkins : I cut them as I used them, because it is diffi- 

 cult to keep them in a cellar. 



Mr. O. W. Moore: My experience is that we should waste 

 no time after cutting the scions. 



- Mr. Hawkins : The earlier you cut the plum scion in the 

 spring, the better. 



Mr. Richardson: I have good success in cutting plum scions 

 in the fall and keeping them through the winter, but I have kept 

 them in the dark and kept them dry. If you let them get damp, 

 the bud is ruined, but under proper conditions you can keep 

 them right through. 



Mr. Philips : The best way to do is to cut them as you use 

 them. 



Summer Work against Canada Thistle. — The Canada 

 thistle spreads over large areas or travels long distances by means 

 of its seeds and grows into patches through its perennial running 

 roots. Both of these means are effective in their way. Perfect seeds 

 are not often produced until after the plants have become well estab- 

 lished and have spread to some extent. The seeds are carried from 

 farm to farm by the wind, and along streams by water. They are 

 mature from midsummer onward through the season, and, as they 

 are easily detached from the heads by slight breezes, most of them 

 are disseminated before the hard winds of late autumn and winter 

 begin to blow. 



Mowing twice a 3'ear, just after the flowers open, usually in 

 June and August, will keep the plants in subjection. 



