136 
It is quite possible to make a large vineyard yield that occasionally, though such 
overbearing injures the vines very much. Only moderate crops can be relied on every 
ear, 
The liabilities to failure if the site is well selected and the land well tended do not 
amount to 1 per cent. 
Vineyards on low, moist lands are liable to mildew and late and early frosts. An 
elevation of 10 or 20 feet above the zones of cold air in the valleys insures against all 
loss by frost or mildew. In consequence of the want of transportation, grapes were 
worth in 1872 but $15 per ton, and demand limited at that. 
Fully one-half the land of this county, below the altitude of 3,900 feet, is adapted to 
the cultivation of the grape in patches of five to forty acres, without further expense 
than clearing off the brush and fencing. Much of this land is now subject to pre- 
emption and homestead. 
A railroad from tide-water is projected, and will probably be built in a short time, 
which will reach the center of this vine-land. No part of the United States holds out 
greater inducements for men of small capital who wish to engage in the cultivation of 
the grape. 
Srock Irems.—The following items are from our April correspond- 
ence: 
Cambria County, Pa.—Many individuals are procuring Alderney cows for their own 
private use. The cost is from $150 to $250 each, the price being regulated by age and 
purity of blood. They are regarded as being profitable even at the high price they 
cost. The Cambria Iron Company of this place own many farms which they have 
bought for the minerals, iron ore, and stone coal, and being desirous of giving an im- 
pulse to the agricultural interests of the county, are devoting both skill and means to 
that purpose, They have procured a competent superintendent, and have purchased 
the best of utensils and machinery for cultivating the different farms, and have com- 
menced the establishment of distinct herds of thoroughbred cattle. They have placed 
Alderneys on one farm, Devous, Short-Horns, and Herefords, each, on others. As these 
herds are of recent establishment, we cannot give fullinformation with regard to their 
comparative profits, though the Herefords have proven to be profitable, there being a 
very great demand for the calves at prices averaging $50 at from four to six months old. 
Hot Spring County, Ark.—The Chiuese or Poland hog seems to have been the most 
profitable stock imported here. A gentleman in my neighborhood bought one pair, 
which cost him $28 for the pair. He has sold pigs from them for $20 apiece. The pair 
has netted him $410 in eighteen months. The total amount of cost and feed in that 
time was $65, making a clear profit of $345, 
Tuolumne*County, Cal—Some attention is paid to crossing the common goat with the 
Angora. The grades are not sufficiently high for shearing, but there is great improve- 
inet in the fattening qualities and in the flavor of the meat. ‘The skins of three- 
quarter and seven-eighth grades make beautiful robes; livery-stable keepers are 
anxious to get them, and prefer them to any other robes, being handsomer and more 
durable. 
REMEDY FOR LEECHES IN THE LIVER OF SHEEP.—Our correspondent 
in Clackamas County, Oregon, having read the description of the symp- 
toms of leeches in the liver of sheep, as given by our correspondent in 
Lane County, and published on page 521 of the monthly reports for 1872, 
states that, fifteen to eighteen years ago, a disease prevailed among 
sheep in Clackamas County, of which the symptoms were in all respects 
the same, and it was ascertained that they originated in the same cause. 
The local name by which the disease was then known was “swelled 
jaw.” Hundreds upon hundreds of sheep died of it. After many inef- 
fectual experiments for remedies had been tried, a farmer disseeted one 
of the many sheep which had died out of bis flock and found its liver 
filled with leeches. Among other applications to the living leeches, he 
tried saleratus, and found that it killed them immediately. He then 
mixed saleratus with the salt given to the diseased sheep. They soon 
began to recover. Ina short time all were well. The news of the dis- 
covered remedy spread. Others tried it with equal success. Within a 
few months there were no sheep in the region affected with the disease, 
and since that time our correspondent has never heard of another case 
in the county. 
CROP PROSPECTS IN CALIFORNIA.—The following facts and prognosti- 
