243 
Per cent. 
‘Path Gecorbicated : =. .22aesneeseesecaxcsosee Beeeme sok sekscs ve. soe eee 0.916 
Part not decorticated ....-...-..-:- - Ws 23 ee fs aie tks 5 Ved lS 2a NG 0. 413 
The latter, therefore, contains but about one-half as much mineral 
matter as the former, leading to the belief that the fluids circulating by 
osmose furnished the mineral matter to the growth of the new wood at 
the expense of the old, which seems quite evident from the following: 
Woody layers subjacent todhe bark...........-.---------.--- 1.20 per cent. of ash. 
Woody layers situated below the former........--.----------- 0.70 per cent. of ash. 
In order further to establish this fact a sample of wood from a tree 
of normal growth was taken, the determination of the ash of which 
shows that the inner woody layers contain a much larger proportion of 
ash than the outer layer, thus: 
onural woody layvors.coutain.-.----..-.... steeteenc es tances 1.48 per cent. of ash. 
PxXteriOr WOOK layers CONUAIM.-. 2... . 2.) Saget enacencs 0. 92 per cent. of ash. 
TANNING-MIXTURE.—The following formula for a tanning-mixture 
has been given as applicabie to all kinds of skins. 
For 100 pounds, take 10 pounds tobacco-root, 60 pounds caochou, 
20 pounds sumac. 
lt is stated that 100 pounds of this mixture in 125 pounds of water 
will tan hides completely in six days and prepare them for the currier. 
EFFCCT OF MANURES UPON CINCHONAS.—Mr. Broughton, of the Ootac- 
amund plantation, in the department of Madras, has shown that while ma- 
nure fails to effect an increased and more vigorous growth of cinchonas, it 
produces a much greater alkaloidal yield. . “Thus, some plants of Cincho- 
na succirubra, three years old, treated each with one poundof sulphate 
of ammonia and a like quantity of guano, show the following propor- 
tions of alkaloids, compared with those unmanured : 
Manured. Unmanured. 
SRIRAM O MIS erat ec toe oo cee alc co oe oo Oe a wens “eee 4,89 
J DLE eRe SB ASAE ORB aS BE ee 3c cine eee BEE 2. 45 1.78 
Cinchonidine and chinchonine........-...-- feec PLS R RECA ES 4, 80 BBall 
Treatment with guano gave the following results: 
Manured. Unmanured. 
ispabalioute nt. seers. OE RS 5. 29 4.76 ° 
Quinine..... BE Ets Fy) ne AS hie ie fen Mead! 0.91 1.04 
Ma GHOnIGinhe. joe a ee eee es, foes eee, es cea 4,38 ah 
These results show that the use of guano is unprofitable, and Mr. 
Broughton recommends that C. succirubra be grown without its use. 
C. officinalis, which is much more sensitive to the various conditions 
to which it may be subject when treated with one pound of guano to each 
plant offers the following comparison: 
Manured. Unmanured. 
Woual alkalGidges 5 ars eee... oe 3 ae TES Gy 6.51 3. 98 
Pare CUInINe. 2a sae eee ee se eae e wee Lene 4, 41 2. 40 
@menonine! and cinchonigines. se. .. .. ee: 2.10 1.58 
The same, treated with three-quarter pound sulphate of ammonia to 
each tree, shows: 
Manured. Unmanured, 
Totalvalkaloids...-.J22-c4ee5 PR cn. Reged! ode ne 5. 76 4,54 
AOC CMRGDRITLIENG «soe eee eee | Seal! 2.54 
Cinemnnnine and  CinGhomimne a.) .0. 4... .-snudgsdess-ac. ee---- 2.65 2. 00 
Treated with about four pow loads of farm-yard manure, they 
show:: 
