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In Sweden much of the land has never been surveyed, and therefore 
the following statistics are, in some respects, but an approximation to 
exactness. The report of 1863 gives as the whole area, main-land and 
islands, 97,051,107.imperial acres. Of this there were in vegetable, 
hop, and market gardens, 52,684 acres; arable and otherland under 
cultivation, 6,023,448 ; natural meadows, 4,910,296 ; forest-bearing land, 
49,784,515; mineral and waste lands, 36,280,164, Tor the three years 
preceding 1868 the amount of land under cultivation was annually in- 
creased, on the average, about 2.25 per cent. The increase in acreage of 
improved and cultivated land, in 1865, was as follows: Newly cultivated 
land, 28,661 acres; drained, 10,676; underdrained, 34,725; irrigated, 
3,245; marled, 32,678; forest-sowed, 6,008; forest-planted, 2,458 ; total, 
118,451 acres. In 1869 the area in wheat and rye was 951,600 acres; in 
barley and oats, 1,830,000; buckwheat, 1,220. The product of wheat 
was 2,200,000 imperial bushels; rye, 14,400,000; barley, 10,400,000 ; 
oats, 26,400,000; buckwheat, 20,000; pease and beans, 1,600,000; pota- 
toes, 40,000,000. The exports of cereals were: Wheat and flour, 455,080 
imperial bushels; rye, 31,560; barley and malt, 906,160; oats, 7,114,896. 
The imports of cereals were: Wheat and flour, 900,040 imperial bushels; 
rye flour or meal, 3,571,692 ; barley and malt, 227,360. 
Farms and their occupants.—In 1868 the number of farmers owning 
farms of 5 acres or less was 63,181; of over 5 to 50 acres, 153,379; of 
over 50 to 250 acres, 22,744; of over 250 acres, 2,588; total number of 
owners, 241,892. The number of tenants and proprietors cultivating 
farms of 5 acres or less was 91,858; of over 5 to 50 acres, 98,665; of 
over 50 to 250 acres, 13,390; of over 250 acres, 1,648; total number of 
tenants and proprietors cultivating farms, 205,561. Of farms which 
maintain entirely the family cultivating them, the smallest consist of 
about 40 acres of arable and meadow land, with 50 to 100 acres of 
pasture and wood land. The occupants of smaller farms generally sup- 
port their families, in part, from other resources than farming. The 
class known in Sweden as “the peasantry” own the land they cultivate. 
There is a large class called ‘“ torpars,” (that is, cottagers,) who occupy 
“torps” and pay the rent in labor. A torp usually includes, beside a 
a cottage, not over 4 acres of arable land, with the right of fuel and of 
pasture for a number of cattle. The rent varies from one to three days’ 
work per week, to which must be added a certain number of days’ work in 
harvest by women; for,in Sweden, women work on the farm in planting, 
hoeing, and harvesting. In 1867 the number of torps in the kingdom was 
179,034. The average money-rent of land of medium quality is, for 
small farms, about $4.25 per tunnland, a tunnland being 1.22 imperial 
acres; for large farms, $2.50 to $3.25 per tunnland. Leases are usually 
for ten years, but the Crown-lands may be leased for twenty years. 
Wages—Money-wages vary according to season and locality. In 
winter, for men working nine hours per day, day-wages range from 
16 to 27 cents; in summer, for men working thirteen hours per day, they 
range from 21 to 41 cents; for women, in summer, day-wages are from 
10 to 22 cents. Yearly wages, including board, are, for men, from $20 
to $30; for girls, from $10 to $14, The value, of a year’s board for a 
hired man is estimated at from $45 to $70. Of late years land has been 
increasing in value, and, as it does so, the torpar system is found less 
economical; hence there is a growing practice of employing married 
laborers who reside on the farm and are paid partly in money and partly 
in farm products. Generally married hired laborers have a cottage and 
a plat of land rent free. 
