279 
a small stream running through the farm, at a cost of $875 a bone-mill 
had been built, which will crush and grind 1,500 pounds of bones per 
day. itis believed to be the first ever built in North Carolina, and 
from it great benefits to the farms in the vicinity are anticipated. The 
superintendent thinks the region is well adapted to fruit-growing; and, 
in view of the results of experiments since he began his farming opera- 
tions there, he is convinced that the choicest fruits'can be grown on 
the poorest soils by fertilizing them with peas plowed under, and 
mulching the trees with leaves. He has made experiments in soiling 
for two years, and with so favorable results that he mends to feed in 
that way all the cows and heifers on the farm next yeas 
4 
Last year I took from twenty square rods the food for one cow one hundred and 
twenty-two days, and this year have had nearly as satisfactory results. I have now 
growing one and a half acres of rye and one acre of oats for first feeding in the spring, 
to be followed with lucerne, Hungarian grass, orchard-grass, clover, and corn, and 
wind up with beet, carrot, and turnip tops. The bull and one cow have not been out 
for eighteen months, and are perfectly healthy. Labor is cheap, but manure is the 
great desideratum. 
In their report for 1872 the association represent that their agricul- 
tural enterprise at Springfield, with respect both to the farm and to 
the beneficial results they designed by.it to diffuse through the neigh- 
borhood and over the State, has been favored with continued and 
growing success. On the farm, now well stocked with horses, mules, 
cattle, sheep, hogs, and fowls, the barn was full, very large crops of 
hay, wheat, and corn having been produced. From a field of seven 
acres, which up to within three years had been covered with briars and 
sassafras, and considered the most exhausted part of the farm, 170 
bushels of wheat had been harvested, 40 bushels from one acre, the 
other six averaging 212 bushels. 
The superintendents both of agriculture and education are reported 
as receiving the hearty co-operation of all classes of citizens, and as 
qoanently invited to deliver public addresses relative to their respective 
epartments, not only in the neighborhood of their central operations, 
but in distant parts of the State. The educational efforts, first made 
with the special design of encouraging and aiding the children of needy 
Friends, have now grown into general and permanent schools. In 
eleven adjacent counties, out of 6,000 children who have received in- 
struction since 1866, more than half were from families not connected 
with the order of Friends. The superintendent of the farm reports to 
ie association the following interesting summary of results thus 
ar: 
The effect of our operations on the community has been gratifying, and can be seen 
for fifty miles around. About 15,000 acres have been sown with clover in the sur- 
rounding counties since our operations commenced. Many improved implements have 
been introduced. Instead of the scythe and the cradle, are frequently seen the mower 
and the reaper. Large numbers of people from all parts of the State continue to visit 
the farm, to see for themselves the new way, and they very generally express them- 
selves satisfied that it is an improvement on the old exhaustive system. All such, more 
or less, will become centers of influence and improvement. The effect of our educa- 
tional and agricultural efforts in staying the tide of emigration to the West is very 
apparent, and has already saved to North Carolina hundreds of her best citizens. 
STATISTICS OF BUTTER AND CHEESE PRODUCTION.—The averages in- 
volved in the statistics of butter and cheese production are frequently 
brought forward at the meetings of dairy associations to show the pro- 
gress of these industries and to illustrate certain points connected with 
their management. The census of 1870, supplementing other data, affords 
the means of presenting some of these averages with more precision « 
