370 
into the boiler after being expressed, and must be brought to the boiling 
heat with the least possible delay, more particularly with the undefecated 
juice, which must never be in any other vessel than the boiler until 
completed, and must be evaporated with the least possible delay. The 
necessity of this cannot be too much insisted ‘on. 
. EDW. L. CULL. 
TORONTO, CANADA, June 17, 1873. 
FACTS FROM VARIOUS SOURCES. 
INTERNATIONAL CROP-REPORTS.—The secretary of the Iowa State. 
Agricultural Society, in his annual report for 1872, says, concerning the 
practicability of international crop reports: 
Plans to obtain a true report of the condition of crops throughout the world, for the 
benefit of farmers, have of latereceived wide discussion. It is proposed to utilize the ap- 
pliances and machinery already in the possession of the Department of Agriculture—the 
storm-signal service, for the benefit of the War Department ; the meteorological reports 
of some of the States, together with the observations in all other lands now made 
under the direction of the several governments—to accomplish this result. To this 
end it is recommended that a common plan be adopted, through an international con- 
ference of meteorologists and workers, and it will follow that every farmer in the land 
will be kept as accurately acquainted with the crops, and their possible effects upon 
the market, as are the bankers and brokers and merchants in London, New York, and 
Chicago. By the knowledge thus gained they would receive full price for their produce, 
and no longer be at the merey of speculators and middle-men. The feasibility of 
arriving at some plan by which this may be done is argued with great ingenuity by 
the supporters of a system of international crop reports; and, from the extent and 
magnitude of the interest involved, it should at once receive careful and candid con- 
sideration. 
BREAD-EARNING.—AS going to show the importance of united action 
among farmers and mechanics, the Rural World (Saint Louis) appropri- 
ately quotes Commodore Maury, whose interest in agricultural matters 
has long been acknowledged. The quotation is as follows: 
According to the census returns of 1870—as far as I can see, and as I can understand— 
there are in the United States, using round numbers, 12,505,000 bread-earners. These 
twelve and a half millions subsist nations with the fruits of their labor; they give 
food, shelter, and raiment to the 39,000,000 of sonis that inhabit this country. Thus, 
you perceive that every bread-earner has, on the average, to fill a little more than 
three mouths. 
Of these bread-earners, 5,922,271 were engaged in agriculture, and 1,765,010 in other 
rural trades and callings, such as’ blacksmithing, carpentering, and the like, making, 
with their food dependents, a total of 23,830,000 souls, in round numbers, out of the 
39,000,000. 
The manufacturers, including operatives and servants, earn bread for 1,117,000 souls. 
Commerce, including merchants, shop-keepers, sailors, clerks, peddlers, bar-keepers, 
&c., earn bread for 2,256,000. Railroad and express men earn bread for 595,000. Miners 
- earn bread for 472,000. 
So it comes to this, according to this census: While agriculture and mechanics fill ten 
times as many mouths as commerce, twenty times as many as manufacturers, forty times 
as many as railroads, and fifty times as many as mining, yet the least of these, by 
combination and management—as one of your orators on a former occasion has told 
you—exercises three times the influence in the country, and thrice the power with the 
Government, that you do—all for the lack of the proper spirit araong farmers to work 
and pull together. 
In connection with this, The World promptly says that the farmers 
and producers, who should in reality constitute the governing power, 
must cease to be governed; they must claim their natural rights, and 
maintain them by means of prompt and efficient organization. Farmers’ 
clubs may serve as a basis for a township organization; these to form “ 
