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SOUTH DAKOTA STATE HORT. SOC’Y, ANNUAL MEETING. 73 
SOUTH DAKOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY, 
ANNUAL MEETING, 1900. 
Cc. E. OLDER, DELEGATE, LUVERNE. 
The meeting of the South Dakota Horticultural Society, called to meet 
at Parker, Jan. 16, 17 and 18, convened at Io o’clock a. m., and immediately 
preceeded to business. The president, Mr. H. C. Warner, of Forestburg, not 
being present on account of sickness in his family, Mr. C. W. Gurney, of 
Yankton, vice president, took charge of the meeting, Prof. N. E. Hansen, of 
Brookings, being secretary. 
The first business of the meeting was by a unanimous vote of the society 
to come into the Minnesota society as an auxiliary society, without losing 
their own identity as an organization, under Art. III. of the Minnesota so- 
ciety’s constitution. 
The attendance was fair, and a good deal of enthusiasm prevailed, being 
far better than for the past several years. 
Mr. Gurney read his paper on “Propagation and Management of Small 
Fruits.” . To prevent thawing and freezing in winter was the leading thought 
presented. The papers, “Small Fruits in Clay County,’ by Rev. E. H. 
Cewles, of Vermillion, “Commercial Strawberry Culture,” by E. L. Collar, of 
Vermillion, and “Small Fruits for Profit,” by D. M. Dickinson, of Richmond, 
were read and discussed, when the dinner hour arrived. 
At two o'clock the members came to order and Mr. Lathrop, of Iowa 
City, and Mr. C. E. Older, the delegate from the Minnesota state society, 
were made honorary members. 
“Propagation and Culture of Forest Trees,’ was the subject of a paper 
by Mr. Geo. H. Whiting, of Yankton. He advocates clean cultivation, and 
giving the trees the same chance to grow that you would corn or potatoes. 
In the discussion that followed it was clearly demonstrated that without 
good cultivation raising trees was impossible. 
A Norby, of Madison, gave a talk on “Evergreens for Ornament and 
Windbreak,”’ red cedar from the north being especially emphasized. Pon- 
derosa pine, jack pine, Black Hills spruce and white spruce were strongly 
recommended. The Colorado blue spruce, from seed grown in Colorado, 
was hardier than that purchased of Mr. Douglas—this had been his ex- 
perience. Prof. Hansen stated that in Germany the blue spruce is grafted on 
the Norway spruce. The discussion emphasized the fact that red cedar from 
the south was not desirable for Dakota. Jack pine are easy to transplant 
without shade and a desirable evergreen; far better than the Scotch pine. 
Prof. Hansen stated that Scotch pine seed are gathered largely in southern 
France from low, scrubby trees, as they are easier to gather from. Mr. 
Lathrop said Scotch pine in his city were dying out after they became large 
trees. Mr. Cowles lost a few small ones, but his large ones are all right. 
Several gentlemen favored the Austrian pine rather than the Scotch pine. 
The subject of apples root-killing and blighting was brought up. Prof. 
Hansen advocates Siberian crab roots for budding stock, giving a whole 
Siberian root. They are free from blight, bear earlier, dwarf the tree to 
- about two-thirds of the size of the apple tree but do not affect the apple 
in size. 
Mr. Whiting thinks that at Yankton the Duchess is far hardier than 
the Wealthy. Mr. Norby said the Wealthy with him was hardier than the 
