112 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Eastern Stock?” showed, if planters should receive southern or eastern 
stock, that only a small percentage would live during the first season, and 
none would live long enough to bear fruit, and so the planter would be dis- 
couraged in fruit gr6wing, to the cost of the home nurseryman also; then the 
planter would say, “It will make no difference where I buy my trees, at 
home or abroad, they all die.’ Therefore, the Wisconsin nurserymer 
should only sell home grown stock, and if short on some kinds buy them ot 
a nursery at home or in the northern states. 
A. D. Barnes made some suggestions about growing nursery stock. 
He recommended combination of large commercial nurseries on suitable 
soil to grow all the stock needed in the state and selling it at uniform, 
reascnable prices. ; 
D. C. Converse said he considered the tree man a godsend to Wis- 
consin. Every good tree or plant sold helps the sale of more stock. The 
thing needed is legislative protection, which shall register and license every 
nursery doing business in the state. 
A. L. Hatch spoke on the best plan to protect the planter from fraud. 
He said: “Educate the people and do this by the co-operation of the locai 
press. The success of local planters who buy their trees of reliable home ; 
nurseries is an object lesson that will pay. Many might be reached by the 
farmers’ institutes better than by any other means.” 
The Tuesday afternoon session was devoted principally to short talks 
on small fruits. Most of these were from young men. M. S. Kellogg had 
an interesting paper on the ‘Planting and Care of Strawberries.” He gave 
his method of care and culture of strawberries. The first essential is rich 
soil, which has been planted to some hoed crops for at least two years in 
order to destroy the white grubs. Set plants three by two feet for home use, 
four by one and one-half or two feet for market gardens. Plants should 
come from a bed that has not fruited. Plants should be set as soon as the 
ground is warm enough to start growth. He said that in general the 
matted row system was preferable to hill culture. 
Mr. John Herbst had a paper on the small fruit outlook at Sparta. 
He contended that growers should aim to produce nothing but the best, se- 
curing thereby the best yield and the best prices. He reviewed conditions 
and crops for some years past, and from the present outlook he predicted 
an unusually prosperous season for small fruit growers. 
He said that the past year there had been shipped from Sparta 85,000 
16-quart cases of small fruits, which sold for $80,750. Cost of picking 
$20,400; for crates, freight and commission, $20,050. The growers received 
$32,300. 
Professor Goff gave a short talk on “‘Raspberries,” explaining tech- 
nically the form of growth and what was contained in the winter wood. 
Prof. Goff said his experiments had shown that an increased yield results 
from pinching canes at two feet, but at one foot or eighteen inches the result 
is detrimental. Pinching the chief cane and then the laterals is also dam- 
aging. When amount of work is considered, the advantage of pinching 
back is not very great. 
Tuesday evening session was presided over by B. S. Hoxie, the presi- 
dent of the Wisconsin Forestry Association, who delivered a short but in- 
teresting address. 
S. M. Owen. the editor of the “Farm, Stock and Home,” of Minneapolis, 
Minn., then delivered an address on “Forestry of the Old World as Com- 
