BIOGRAPHY OF MRS. ANNIE BONNIWELL. 163 
Annie’s Indian name was Kikishia, meaning a deaf man’s wife. About 
seven years ago, a friend of mine went up there, and when she spoke the 
Indian name, they remembered her well, for she was very kind to them. 
A young Frenchman, coming from Lake Superior to Eagle river, lost his 
way. The Indians found him sick in the woods and came early in the 
morning to tell Annie. She went with them and walked all day and all 
night. The Indians came back with her and brought him on two poles. 
She paid the Indians by giving them a bag of corn meal. She took care 
of the poor boy nearly all winter. The men used to say that the latch-string 
always hung out at Bonniwell’s shanty. If they were sick, she always nursed 
and cared for them. I think, Mrs. Kennnedy, that I have told all the main 
points that I remember about her. I am very glad that you are going to 
write up the history of her life, for she certainly deserves it. 
; I remain your friend, 
Mrs. Celia Duddles. 
Mrs. Bonniwell first united with this society in 1890 and there- 
after continued her relationship with us up to the time of her death. 
She was a regular attendant at the meetings, only missing, I believe, 
the one held just prior to her death. As an earnest, quiet worker, 
of constant loyalty to the association and its high purposes, she will 
always be remembered by all who had the pleasure of knowing her. 
—Secretary. 
PREPARATION OF THE SOIL BEFORE PLANTING. 
IRVING C. SMITH, GREEN BAY, WIS. 
Without thorough preparation of the soil it is impossible to get the best 
results. How shall we prepare is the point in question. 
No close examination of the ordinary field of onions or potatoes is neces- 
sary ‘to discover the fact that the first rod on the ends of the beds is fre- 
quently not as good as the part farther on. Why? The plowman did not 
hold his plow straight to the end, or if the conditions were such as to make 
a head land necessary, he did not throw out and start his furrows always on 
the same line, making it difficult to properly finish the end of the land. 
Again, perhaps you have driven over the ground two or three times after 
plowing, to spread manure, and you notice twa, lines of yellowish green 
foliage, especially if it be onions. Therefore, for most garden crops plow 
deep, pulverize thoroughly, with as little moving of horses and wagons over 
the soil as possible. 
We will suppose you have planted onions. The seed comes up nicely, 
but as the plants grow you notice some places where they are better than 
in other places. Why? You got a crop of 600 bushels from the acre, but 
on one block of a few square rods there were five bushels to the rod, 800 
bushels per acre; on another place only half that amount. Why? The 
ground is a little low at the poorer spot, and the water did not drain off 
quite clean; then, while applying the last dressing of manure you drove over 
. that place three times, which left the ground somewhat hard. The best place 
is just as low, but a tile drain passes under that point. The soil was soft and 
deep, and the bed a little rounded to give the best of drainage. 
Now, if we can grow four rods of onions and get at the rate of 800 
