190 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
Mr. Underwood: I do not know that I understand Mr. Lord exactly. 
I understand the rule to mean that no single plate of apples shall be dupli- 
cated for the same premium. If it was for the best plate of Wealthys, for 
instance, they could not enter another plate for the same premium, but I do 
not understand that they could not enter Wealthys in another collection. 
It all hinges on the premium that is offered. 
Mr. Harris: Mr. Latham has just come in and perhaps he can give us 
some light on the matter. 
Mr. Latham: The rule means that no two plates of.the same variety 
shall go into any one entry. For instance, you have an entry for a collection 
of apples and should you have two plates of Duchess (or two plates of any 
other variety) you could not put them both into this collection. 
Mr. Lord: I think it would be a very good thing if the rule could be 
construed to apply to the case Mr. Philips mentioned. 
SETTING TREES. 
EDSON GAYLORD, NORA SPRINGS, IOWA. 
Yes, set a tree on your lawn, 
It will blossom when you're gone. 
Different soils, varieties, conditions and locations all often have an im- 
portant bearing on the future success of the tree you are setting. Setting a 
tree in a deep, rich soil where the ground has been recently plowed deep and 
cultivated thoroughly is a short and easy matter; a little scooping out just 
where the tree is to set, and you are ready to set. But the many trees that 
are and will be set are in old ground to fill vacancies or to add beauty to 
some sod-bound, grassy lawn. It is a common remark that it is little use 
to set new trees in places where others have failed. I have long been con- 
vinced there is less truth than poetry in this old saying. My experience 
and observation has convinced me that there need be no failure in setting 
trees in uncultivated fields or in grassy lawns. To make such a success 
one needs put on his thinking cap and study conditions necessary to success. 
First, dig the hole deep, and if an apple tree at least seven inches deeper than 
the tree stood in nursery, unless the soil is cold and heavy; in this case I set 
only three inches deeper and raise one inch when filled above the level. 
Evergreen trees and shrubs I set only two or three inches deeper. Our 
greatest failures come in digging post holes in hard ground to set trees or 
shrubs. A hole with perpendicular banks left solid is all wrong. No hole 
when ready to set either tree or shrub should be bounded on either side by 
hard. banks, which is almost always the case in setting trees in old ground. 
No hole should be less than four to five feet broad. If an apple tree the hole 
should be (on the bottom) sloping to one o’clock. This will aid much in 
holding the tree in the right position to be self protecting from the sun. 
Then spread a half bushel of the richest dirt you can get handy and put under 
where the roots are to set; then pick up your tree, examine and cut off from 
the under side all injured roots, and you better clip some of the longer 
roots than to bend them too much. Do not put too much stress on retaining 
and preserving all the fine fibrous roots; they are often of little if any value. 
Place your hopes much more on the larger and stronger roots. The Ger- 
mans have demonstrated this thoroughly, that the small fibrous roots that 
