SOME DESIRABLE THINGS FOR PRAIRIE PLANTING. 227 
agricultural papers a question that some one addressed to Mr. Van 
Deman, asking what caused apple rust, and the reply was that we 
would not find apple rust except where there was red cedar. We 
are free from it yet, but in the east where they have red cedar near 
their apple orchards they are troubled with the rust. If this is a 
fact ought we not to sound a note of warning against planting the 
red cedar? 
Mr. Dartt: I suppose if I wereenot on the off side there would not be an 
off side. (Laughter.) The fact is that you have the black rust, and in look- 
ing over the country, you find some barberry bushes. There is no proof 
whatever that the barberry transmits the black rust. Here a gentleman says 
they found some rust on apple trees, and they found some red cedar, and so 
the red cedar caused the rust; there are most always red cedar where there 
are apple trees, therefore you must dig out your red cedar. That kind of 
argument does not go with me. I suppose I am against the crowd, as usual. 
Mr. Jewett: I think, with all due respect to Friend Dartt, the opinion 
of Mr. Van Deman has as much weight as that of Mr. Dartt. I had planned 
to surround my orchard with red cedar, but I do not want to do it if it 
causes rust. 
Mr. Dartt: The red cedar gets the rust from the apple trees. (Laughter.) 
The President: Dr. Lugger said that in examining the fungus on the 
wheat it was found to be identically the same as that on the barberry, and 
then they began to investigate, and they found that there was invariably 
this condition, a field of wheat infected with the rust and barberries close 
by. I think my friend Dartt will admit that always where there is a field 
of wheat beside the barberry there is the black rust, and never under any 
other condition. I think it is best to get the barberry out of the way. 
Mr. Dartt: That would be all right if you could prove that the rust 
comes from the barberry instead of going from the wheat to the barberry. 
Prof. Green: Thirty-five years ago James Gregory, of Massachusetts, 
warned the farmers of the northwest and the United States generally that 
the barberry planted in the vicinity of wheat would produce black rust, and 
he put that in his catalogue year after year, so it is no new thing at all. 
Mr. Jewett: Our esteemed professor of horticulture is a pupil of Mr. 
Gregory, and Gregory is reliable. 
Mr. Wedge: I would like to hear a little more upon this question of the 
red cedar and the apple. You all know I am an apple crank, and the red 
cedar has been my hobby for several years, and I hope you will be able to 
return a verdict that the red cedar is not guilty. There is one mistaken 
statement, and that is that the red cedar is not general throughout the 
country. 
Mr. Jewett: There are barriers intervening between those ranges of red 
cedar, so it is not general throughout. We now have prairies between us 
and the red cedar, but when the apple becomes general over those prairies 
the rust will run over our orchards like wild fire. 
Col. Daniels: I remember years ago in traveling over Wisconsin, per- 
haps in 1858—wheat growing was the great industry in Wisconsin. A large 
number of people in Wisconsin were from New England, and they liked bar- 
berries. They could not obtain them of nurserymen, so a good many sent 
back to their friends and obtained them. The nurserymen then began to 
