304 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
The Northland extols thee, for there is thy home; 
In the ‘‘Land of the Lakes’’ wert thou born; 
Thou lovest the rich, middle-west, where the loam 
Turns to gold both the wheat and the corn. 
Ye brought to the prairies the riches of Maine, 
Freely emptied the choicest in store 
In Gideon’s lap for the pleasure and gain 
Of the dwellers inland, evermore. 
We give thee the crown—thou art king of the North— 
And thy reign undisputed shall be, 
Till worthier seedlings, with Northwestern birth, 
Shall contest apple kingdoms with thee. 
GROWING NORWAY SPRUCE FOR PAPER PULP. 
T. L. DUNCAN, UNIYERSITY OF MINNESOTA, 
Among the many articles of manufacture that the progress and develop- 
ment of the present have made essential, there stands out prominently the 
one discussed in this paper; an article handled by every one and used for an 
almost inconceivable number of purposes in every household, office and in- 
stitution in the state. How few are aware of the source of its material, and 
fewer yet understand the importance to which that source has arisen in 
Minnesota! I speak of printing paper, the demand for which has become 
enormous throughout the United States. Mills everywhere are taxed to 
their full capacity, and in Minnesota, a comparatively new state in the busi- 
ness, the few mills are extending their works, and others are being planned 
for. 
Why should Minnesota have paper mills? Paper is made largely from 
wood pulp, obtained by the abrasion of the wood of certain trees, among 
which spruce is used, perhaps, more extensively than any other, and of this 
tree there is at present a large quantity growing in northern Minnesota. 
Further, it has been found advisable to operate pulp and paper mills in con- 
junction, and to place the combined plant as near as practicable to the grow- 
ing material. The manufacturers are finding further that it pays to con- 
trol their own forested lands and to manage the cutting of timber on scien- 
tific forestry principles, so as to insure a continuous supply of pulpwood. 
By careful cutting and re-seeding over a large tract of land, it would be 
possible for a paper mill to operate for an indefinite period of time, and as 
the demand for paper in Minnesota bids fair to be a permanent one the mills 
should be established on a permanent basis and arrangements made for a 
new growth to take the place of the native woods, which will be exhausted 
in a few years. The paper-makers of Minnesota are probably not thinking 
very much about re-seeding at present, but it is the duty of the forester to 
do some of that thinking for them and to offer the results of his study for 
their consideration. I will endeavor then to present some facts about the 
growth of spruce in Minnesota, and will introduce a new tree—that is a tree 
new to the pulp makers in this state, although well known to horticul- 
turists for thirty years as an ornamental tree. 
There are two kinds of spruce native in Minnesota, the white spruce and 
the black spruce, but no distinction is made between them in pulp making, 
so that when I examined the stock pile of the Northwestern Paper Co., at 
Cloquet, last winter, I found both kinds thrown in together. To get at the 
