SOME DESIRABLE FORESTRY EXPERIMENTS. 331 
Prof. Hansen: There was one remark made by a speaker here 
that I want to speak of further, and that is the difference in hardi- 
ness in trees as related to the source of the seed—as the Douglas 
spruce from the Pacific coast is tender while the same spruce from 
Colorado is hardy. The Russians have found that same objection 
to the tree, and they have planted timber by the thousands of acres 
on the steppes. I visited many of those plantations. The Siberian 
larch is simply a form of the European larch, and they have found 
by actual experiment that it is a superior form and hence they plant 
the European larch on the steppes. It is superior in that it is an 
upright and faster grower. I found that the Norway spruce of 
western Europe killed back and is worthless, while the Norway 
spruce of Siberia and eastern Russia was absolutely hardy. Hence 
they plant only the seed from the severest part of the empire. We 
find the Scotch pine in France kills back, while the Scotch pine of 
Siberia extends clear across the two continents. The Scotch pine 
from Siberia is perfectly hardy. Therefore, in all their plantations 
they pay the greatest attention to the source of the seed. If we 
introduce any trees we ought to use the native trees, and if we use 
seed we should always get our seed from the hardiest source. 
EVERGREEN SEEDLINGS. 
CLARENCE WEDGE, ALBERT LEA. 
I did not expect to make any report, but Mr. Latham suggested that I 
talk a little on some of the evergreen seedlings I am growing and have 
arranged in one and two year groups on this frame. I did not bring them 
to, advertise the fact that we are growing seedling evergreens; my chief 
thought was to combat the idea that the red cedar is a slow growing ever- 
green. That slander has come up almost every year, and as the red cedar 
is a favorite of mine I wanted a chance to defend it. I do not care to 
defend the new accusation brought against it yesterday, that it harbors an 
enemy of our apple trees, as I know nothing about that. The red cedar is 
a hardy tree that withstands drouth. There is no danger of root-killing 
with the red cedar. My experience is that as a young tree it is the most 
rapid growing evergreen we have. I have here on this frame a little exhibit 
that shows quite clearly the relative growth of seedling evergreens. The 
upper row represents seedlings of one year’s growth, and the one that has 
made the greatest growth of this age is the jack pine. I think that shows 
nearly six inches in height. The next best is the red cedar, one year old, 
which shows a growth of five or six inches. All the others make very little 
growth the first year. In the lower row we have two-year-old seedlings. 
They are all familiar evergreens. Here in the middle we have the slow 
growing (?) red cedar (indicating). It is almost two feet high, about double 
the growth of the other two-year-olds, and not only that, but it was trans- 
planted at the end of the first year and has thus suffered-a shock to its 
growth that none of the other trees in the exhibit have experienced. 
