334 MINNESOTASTATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 
branches do not die out. JI am very much interested in jack pine, 
andIam surprised at the growth it makes from the seed and without 
shade. The jack pine can be grown with perfect success without 
shade. 
Col. Daniels: How long do you shade your red cedar? 
Mr. Wedge: I do not shade them at all. I have not had a very long 
experience in growing red cedar. The seed is very difficult to handle. 
Really, I must acknowledge that I have just one good stand of red cedar. 
We gather our seed, rub off the pulp, stratify it in sand, and then bury it so 
that the top of the box is four or five inches below the surface of the soil, 
and there it remains until a year from the following spring, about eighteen 
months, in the ground. It is probably safer to sow the seed in the fall and 
mulch it well, for if you do not get it sown very early in the spring it will 
grow in the box and, of course, be spoiled. I tried by soaking the seed in 
different solutions of caustic potash to avoid this long stratification and 
found there was a certain solution that would start it the first year. But 
in that case you want to let your bed stand two years, as a goodly share 
will not even then germinate till the second year, and by pulling out the first 
year’s crop quite early you can hope for a fair volunteer crop the second 
year. I think the red cedar should be planted more extensively in the 
northwest. The Ponderosa pine should also be grown more. It is a great 
drouth resister. It grows a great deal slower than the Scotch pine for the . 
first few years, but it remains more dense in its lower foliage, and I think 
is a far more desirable tree. As it gets older, unlike the Scotch pine, it 
remains thrifty. Here are some little Ponderosa (indicating), one year old. 
Their peculiar seedling leaves might be likened to baby teeth. 
Proi. Waldron: There is one leaf scorched. 
Mr. Wedge: Yes, as a young tree it does turn brown quite badly in 
early spring, and I think that is one objection to this pine. 
Mr. Sherman (Iowa): In regard to the Ponderosa pine searing back in 
the spring. The Austrian pine and the Ponderosa are very similar in ap- 
pearance; the Austrian is dark in foliage, while the Ponderosa is a bright 
green. They are both most excellent evergreens after they get older, four 
or five feet high. They keep their color better than any I know of, but 
as young trees in the nursery they discolor and are difficult to deliver. 
Mr. Wedge: That is a great objection with the nurserymen. They will 
sear, and our Ponderosa sometimes look as brown as though they were 
dead. I know when they get to be four or five feet high they remain far 
more beautiful and bright than many of the evergreens that do not turn so 
brown in the nursery. That is true of both the Austrian and the Ponderosa. 
I remember that the Austrian pines that we set out in our yard were an 
eyesore until they were four or five feet high. My wife used to laugh at me 
for allowing them to stand and wished me to grub them out. Now there 
is no evergreen on our place that we like better than the Austrian pine. 
Mr. Burnap (Iowa): Have you had any experience with the Platte 
Valley red cedar? 
Mr. Wedge: Not with any trees from that source, but I have learned 
to be afraid of red cedar that originated from seed far south. A year ago 
I burned up several good rackfuls of trees I had growing which we sup- 
posed were all right. They were claimed to be of northern seed, but 
