MINNESOTA APPLE SEEDLINGS OF VALUE. 167 



and principle should be applied to all other hardy varieties. If you 

 have trees of which the fruit is of good quality and good reputation 

 that kill down, do not grub them out, but allow them to sprout from 

 the ground, and in a few years they will be all right. I had the 

 Fameuse and the Tallman Sweet; they would not stand our climate 

 and I grubbed them out; now I have got no Fameuse and no Tall- 

 man Sweet. Perhaps I have said enough, although I want to perpet- 

 uate the testimony that has been given in favor of the short root 

 and long cion. The cions are generally from hardy trees. If you 

 ^et a root from a hardy cion you will get a hardy tree. 



Mr. C. L. Smith: I have just a word more to say. In thirty-five 

 years there have been only two winters in which those varieties 

 were killed down, and that frightened people, and they stopped 

 planting. Only twice in thirty-five years that we had a general 

 killing of trees. 



Mr. Dartt: The gentleman said those hardy varieties would not 

 root-kill. My experience is that in root-killing time it takes every- 

 thing, killing sometimes crabs and everything else. In the nursery 

 at the Owatonna station none escaped. It proved to be a root-kill- 

 ing season, and one variety did not seem to stand any better than 

 another. 



THE ANTHRACNOSE-A TALK. 



Prof. S. B, Green: I would like to say a word about the treatment 

 of anthracnose. It is a disease that can be overcome. We are liable 

 to have years when anthracnose is very severe, and then again it 

 disappears. We are not as liable to it here as they are in New Eng- 

 land, New York and Ohio; it is far worse there than it is here. In 

 fact, I think it is a- simple matter to keep it out of our raspberry 

 patches here. I have been experimenting along that line for six or 

 seven years, and I find in a general way the following plan strikes 

 me as the most favorable, and I think will be found very successful 

 in general practice: When you lift the canes in the spring of the 

 year treat with Bordeaux mixture; make it double strength, make 

 it pretty thick, and cover the canes with it soon after they are 

 lifted. When the young growth appears and is about eight inches 

 high, spray again, but use the mixture weak, just half the strength 

 you did before. The theory is this: The spores are thrown off by 

 the canes early in the spring from these infected spots, and when 

 they are covered by a thick Bordeaux mixture it prevents those 

 spores being thrown off. You cannot prevent injury to the old 

 canes, but you can prevent injury to the young canes, and if you 

 spray you can make the young canes grow well the first season 

 without any serious damage — but spray the second time when the 

 young canes are about eight inches high. We tried it last year and 

 for a number of years previously, and we found the treatment very 

 successful. 



Mr. Yahnke: Would you apply it the same way to the red rasp- 

 berry, or does that apply only to the black? 



Prof. Green: Yes, apply it to the red in the same way if you have 

 anthracnose. I would apply to the red just as well as the black, but 

 you do not have so much on the red. 



