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and fields are usually contiuued iu grass so long as tliey yield a paying 

 crop, the all but universal custom in seeding down land is to sow clover 

 and timothy together. The first crop will be clover almost exclusively ; 

 after that the timothy gradually gains on it, and usually by the third 

 or fourth year wholly supersedes it ; and, therefore, when the field is 

 plowed it is timothy rather than clover stubble which turns under. 

 Owing to the value of clover for hay in ISTew England and some of the 

 Northwestern States, buckwheat is not unfrequently used as a substitute 

 in green-manuring. In the South Atlantic and Gulf States, where 

 hitherto but little clover has been grown, the "cow-pea" is used quite 

 extensively, and the reported results are, almost without exception, very 

 satisfactory. 



( Penobscot, Me., Sullivan, N. H., Berkshire, Mass., Washington, E. I., 

 and Hartford and New Haven, Ct., report the full crop turned under, 

 to a limited extent, with good results. In the latter county it " serves 

 as a good basis for a tobacco crop," but in Windham it is thought more 

 valuable for hay. In New York the practice is more general. In 

 Suffolk some farmers turn under the full crop with benefit ; but it 

 is generally thought that the crop of clover-hay fed to animals, 

 with the consequent profit on them and the dropping returned to 

 the soil, is more profitable. In Albany, though better crops can be 

 obtained after clover than after timothy, yet, as the latter brings 

 one-third more than clover, farmers " will crop with it, since they 

 must have the crop that brings the most money, in order to 

 meet current expenses." In Queens, some permit clover to grow till the 

 early jiart of May and then plow under for corn, with improvement to the 

 land ; but sedge-hay from the salt-marshes is frequently plowed under with 

 superior results. Our correspondent says : " I have raised 100 bushels of 

 shelled corn to the acre, and our agricultural societies have given pre- 

 miums to crops of 120 bushels per acre from land manured by sedge-hay 

 raked into the furrows." In Columbia, stubble turned under " improves 

 the soil to a large extent." In Niagara, both the full crop and the stub- 

 ble turned under for wheat give satisfactory results. In Washington, 

 though only practiced to a limited extent, it is deemed the cbeapest 

 fertilizer known, " used in any manner convenient for the time." In 

 Genesee generally the whole crop is plowed under the latter part of 

 June, and considered the best way of impro\ing soil and keeping it 

 fertile. In Ontario, plowing under the full crop has been discontinued, 

 and the practice is now confined to stubble. Among other counties 

 reporting the practice are the following : 



Yaies : The wliole of the first crop turned under iu fall bloom, and the land left fal- 

 low until seeding-time for wheat ; the second crop, and most frequently only the stub- 

 ble, turned under just in time for wheat. The first mode the best. Seneca : Exten- 

 sively ; the full crop not turned Tiuder as mucb as formerly. The first year the first 

 <;rop is cut for hay, and the second for hay or seed, according as it fills ; the second 

 year the first is cut, and the second for seed, if it fills well, and the stubble turned un- 

 der for wheat. If the second crop does not fill, the whole is plowed iinder. Greene: 

 Usually plow under the first crop in June ; rsplow the 1st of August, and about the 

 1st of September sow wheat or rye. A good crop of clover turned under is better than 

 twenty loads of baru-yard manure. Onondaga: Not extensively ; my neighbor sowed 10 

 acres to clover; the secoud year plowed it under in August, aud sowed to wheat the 

 1st of September. Though the land was poor the yield of wheat was 25 to 28 bushels 

 per acre. But present pay, or all we can get thi year, seems to govern ; so most of 

 the farmers cut tlie secoud crop of the small variety for seed ; if the large variety, 

 they feed till the 20th of June, then turn ott', and save for seed. Realize 2 to 4 bushels 

 of seed per acre. Schenectady : The common method is to sow 1 peck of clover-seed 

 and 1| bushels of plaster per acre ; next season pasture or cut the crop ; the latter is 

 considered best. Two or three crops are thus taken off, then the stubble turned under ; 

 the next crop corn, then oats or barley, with clover as before. Where this rotation is 

 practiced I have never known it fail to improve aay soil where clover will grow. 



