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or pasture off; plow under secoucl crop aud sow wheat, wliicli never fails to yield a 

 good crop. This is the cheapest way to improve our lands. Chesterfield : Extensively 

 practiced; the second crop, when the seed has mature^, is turned under. The better 

 plan is to seed the land with oats in March, and then apply the clover-seed. If the 

 land is rich enough, this invariably secures a good start. The following spring a good, 

 crop of clover is secured, and the second crop turned under. This continued a few 

 years, with ten to twenty bushels of lime per acre, will result in increasing the wheat- 

 crop at least 50 per cent. Clarke: The second crop ; the land highly improved by 

 clover and gypsum without any other fertilizer. Prince Edward : The second crop 

 turned under for wheat generally results in a fair crop of wheat and always in improve- 

 ment of the soil. Mecklenhurgh : The second crop turned under, and considered the very 

 best fertilizer for wheat. 



In the remaining Atlantic and the Gulf States the practice is very- 

 limited, one reason being that clover is little groMU. Twenty-one of the 

 returns from Xorth Carolina note the practice to a limited extent, five 

 of them being with the cow-pea. In Burke, j)eas sowed in time to reach 

 full growth by the last of August, and turned under with deep plowing, 

 for wheat, are thought equal to clover, and much cheaper. "Peas seldom 

 fail to yield a good growth of vine, even on poor land." Beaufort re- 

 ports that pea-vines turned under after the peas have matured increase 

 the succeeding cotton-crop 15 to 20 per cent. ; in Pasquotank, clover 

 turned under, though rarely done, is followed by wonderful results ; our 

 correspondent, in 1870, "had sixtj'' acres in clover, turned the crop under 

 in October, planted in corn the next season, and the usual crop was 

 nearly doubled;" also, about ten bushels per acre of peas sown imme- 

 diately after a crop of wheat or oats was taken off, and turned under 

 when they commence maturing, nearly doubled the following croi), and 

 were cheaper than the use of clover. In Wake, owing to very bene- 

 ficial results, the practice of green-manuring with peas is increasing. 



So far as reported from South Carolina and Florida the practice is 

 confined to the cow-pea; in the other Gulf States, and Arkansas, the 

 very limited practice is divided between the pea and clover. In Burton, 

 Ga., clover turned under for wheat increases the yield, " at the lowest, 

 one-third, and the land is improved 15 per cent, for subsequent crops. 

 In Hall, farmers have been cultivating clover for ten years with very 

 l)rofitable results." They generally get two crops per annum, and the 

 third year turn under the stubble, which improves the land greatly. In 

 Taylor, crab-grass turned under in September " adds 20 per cent, to the 

 next crop of corn or cotton." In Lauderdale, Ala., the second crop is 

 sometimes turned under " with fine effect, almost doubling the yield in 

 corn or wheat." 



The practice becomes more prevalent again in Tennessee and West 

 Virginia, being noted in more than half the returns. Clover predomi- 

 nates, but the pea is employed to some extent in the former, and in the 

 latter State buckwheat and oats are used. Ealeigh reports that some 

 estimate that green oats turned under pay better than clover. In Ten- 

 nessee, clover turned under has made lands " more productive now than 

 they were thirty years ago " in Hancock ; is considered the best fertilizer 

 in Loudon ; makes the best and surest crop of wheat in Sullivan ; adds 

 very much to the production of cotton, corn, and tobacco in Dyer ; is 

 the cheapest way to manure in Smith ; increases the crop one-fourth in 

 Williamson; improves the land every year in Putnam, and "in connec- 

 tion with lime proves one of the best fertilizers ever used." 



A large majority of returns from Kentucky report the practice, in 

 some form, to a greater or less extent, with uniformly favorable results. 

 " Always benefits the succeeding crop ;" " increa.ses the crop of corn or 

 wheat one-third ; " " considered the great fertilizer of the country by 

 our best farmers ; " " red clover our best restorer of lands exhausted by 

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