90 



from $10 to $50; iu Dakota from $6 to $30. lu our reports from the 

 other Territories no estimates are given. 



Milch-Cows : The cost of wintering milcli-cows in New England va- 

 ries from $23 per head in New Hampshire to $38 in Massachusetts; 

 Maine averages $29 f Vermont, $25; Rhode Island, $30; Connecti- 

 cut, $37. 



The Middle States average $24 in New York, $29 in New Jersey, 

 $23 in Pennsylvania, and $2G in Delaware. 



The average on the South Atlantic seaboard is $20 in Maryland ; 

 $11 in Virginia; $10 in North Carolina; $15 iu South Carolina, and 

 $14 in Georgia. 



In the Gulf States our Florida correspondents report no averages, in- 

 asmuch as the cows there find pasture during winter. Alabama aver- 

 ages $10 per head ; Mississippi, $8; Louisiana, $7 ; Texas, $G. These 

 figures, as well as those for other Southern States, of course, refer to 

 those animals that are " wintered" at all, and not to the far greater pro- 

 portion left to find j)asture as best they can. This wintering also means 

 only occasional or partial feeding. 



Of the inland Southern States, Arkansas reports $0; Tennessee, 

 $16; West Virginia, $12; Kentucky, $17. 



North of the Ohio Eiver the average cost in Ohio is $16 ; in Michigan, 

 $25; in Indiana, $15; in Illinois, $15; in Wisconsin, $21. 



West of the Mississippi, Minnesota reports $13 ; Iowa, $11 ; Missouri, 

 $11; Kansas, $6; Nebraska, $7. 



On the Pacific coast, cows are generally pastured during the winter, 

 and the amount of stall-feeding is too small for a reliable estimate. 



In Colorado the cost of feeding cows is estimated from $7.50 to $40 ; 

 in Utah from $9 to $45 ; in Dakota from $3.50 to $12. 



Sheep : To winter a sheep in Maine costs about $3 per head ; iu New 

 Hampshire, $2.50 ; in Vermont, $2.50. In Massachusetts the aggregate 

 of these animals is too small and the individual flocks too scanty to give 

 a basis for estimate. Rhode Island and Connecticut return very high 

 rates. 



The average cost in New York is 82.50 ; in New Jersey and Pennsyl- 

 vania, $2 ; in Delaware, $2\75. 



In Maryland the average is $2.75 ; in Virginia, $1,50 ; in North Car- 

 olina, $1.30; in Sonth Carolina, $1.70; in Georgia, $1.50. 



Florida has too few sheep to report on. In Alabama the cost of win- 

 tering is $1 per head ; in Mississippi, 75 cents ; in Louisiana, 50 cents. 



In Arkansas the average is $1.07; iu Tennessee, $1.66; in West Vir- 

 ginia, $1.21; in Kentucky, $2.07. 



Ohio reports $1.75 ; Michigan, $1.90; Indiana, $1.60; Illinois, $1.55 ; 

 Wisconsin, $2. 



Minnesota averages $1.90; Iowa, $1.60; Missouri, $1.40; Kansas, 

 $1.20; Nebraska, $1. 



On the Pacific coast, sheep shift for themselves on the winter pastures. 



These figures show the varying influences not only of different cli- 

 mates and soils but also of local circumstances. In the smaller New 

 England and Middle States the agricultural area bears a smaller pro- 

 portion to the number of commercial and manufacturing cities, and 

 hence, consumption being iu excess, the prices of hay and grain are en- 

 hanced and consequently the exi^ense of wintering is greater. This ex- 

 plains the fact that the maximum expense of horse- wintering is in Rhode 

 Island and New Jersey, and the minimum in Florida and the Pacific coast, 

 where the winter months do not entirely arrest vegetation, and where the 

 supply of green food is almost perennial. The highest cost of wintering 



