219 



For all the reports in tbe above table the average of milk per cow, for 

 the season, is 3,303.7 pounds, or 391.63 gallons ; of cheese, 342 pounds ; 

 of milk for one pound of cheese, 9.833 pounds. Average length of sea- 

 son of seventy-five statements, 6.7 months. Some of the factories re- 

 ported butter from whey or from cream of partly-skimmed milk. At 

 many factories patrons were allowed, during a certain portion of the 

 season, to skim night's milk. 



The average product per cow for 1864 was relatively small, owing to 

 unusually severe drought during the summer. The State census of 1865 

 in reporting statistics of one hundred and thirty-three factories, each 

 employingSOO cows or more, exhibits the average of milk per cow at 2,801.9 

 pounds, or 326.21 gallons, for a season, averaging about 6.1 months; the 

 cheese-product averaged 283 pounds per cow, showing 9.915 pounds of 

 milk for one of cheese ; aggregate average number of cows for the sea- 

 son, 67,034. 



In illustration of the differences between herds contributing to facto- 

 ries, "we present certain averages obtained by summarizing statements 

 of fifty-seven factories for 1874, which, in each case, give statistics of 

 best dairy and poorest dairy for the season. Average length of season, 

 6.5 mouths. Average net receipts, by patrons, for 100 pounds of milk, 

 81.229, or about 2.63 cents per quart. xVverage net receipt per cow, by pat- 

 rons, 840.336, showing 382.11 gallons of milk per cow. Best dairies, aver- 

 age net receipts per cow, by patrons, 852.99, showing501.99 gallons of milk 

 per cow. Poorest dairies, average net receipts per cow, 830.03, showing 

 290.17 gallons per cow. Excess of average yield, per cow, of best dai- 

 ries over that of poorest dairies, 211.82 gallons, or 73 per cent. The state- 

 ment of the well-known Weeks factory, in Oneida Connty, exhibits, for 

 a season oi 7.2 months, a net receipt by patrons, per 100 iiounds of milk, 

 of 81.2825 ; average number of cows for the season, 750, yielding 425.94 

 gallons per head. Best dairy, 10 cows, average net per cow, to patrons, 

 877.85, showing 706.73 gallons per cow ', poorest dairy, 10 cows, net per 

 cow, 837.11, showing 336.89 gallons per cow. Excess of yield \)er cow, 

 of best dairy over poorest, in 7.2 months, 369.84 gallons, or nearly 110 

 l^er cent. The factory of E. L. Stone, in Mannsville, Jefferson County, re- 

 ports one cow which yielded in 7.3 months 7,937 X)ounds of milk, or 

 924.08 gallons, and one which yielded for the same season 7,690 pounds 

 of milk, or 895.33 gallons. Net money to patrons, 891.36, and 890.82. 



We return to the point of the average yield per cow, for the factory 

 season, and for a term of years, in the New York dairy regions. We 

 have had in review three hundred and eighty-nine factory statements, 

 of which one hundred and fifty-two, or 39 per cent., are for the excep- 

 tionally unfavorable season of 1804, and this large proportion of low 

 exhibits will prevent us from combining all of the statements for an 

 average for a course of years. Omitting, now, the statements for 1864, 

 we have two hundred and thirty-seven factory reports, representing 

 92,312 cows, aggregate of averages for the season, and a yield per cow 

 of 3,339.5 ijounds of milk, or 388.81 gallons, for a season of a little more 

 than six months. From two hundred and thirty-two of these state- 

 ments we obtain an average of 340 pounds of cheese per cow, for the 

 factory season. Judging from all -attainable data, these figures for milk 

 and cheese are the highest at which the factory average for a term of 

 years can be placed ; and we have already shown that, from the manner 

 in which the averages are made up at the factory, the true yield per 

 cow must fall below even the factory average. But the approximate 

 which we have attained is sufficiently close to serve a valuable purpose 

 3A 



