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he is allowed $20 per cow. Dilfereut usages prevail among the dairy 

 districts, the owner iu some cases f'lirnishiug the cows as well as the 

 land. In some neighborhoods the land is rented for cash at the rate of 

 6 per cent, ad valorem. On hay-farms in New Hampshire the owner of 

 the land often receives two-thirds of the crop, on account of the smaller 

 amount of labor required by grass-crops. In some parts of Connecticut 

 the tenant receives the value of his share of the crap in money, but 

 generally he is left to market his own produce. 



In the Middle States the same usages prevail in large sections. The 

 tendency to share equally iu the proceeds and expenses of agriculture 

 is more generally coupled with the requirement to furnish, in whole or 

 part, the working-stock, tools, seed, and sometimes the fertilizers used. 

 In some cases distinction is made between plowed crops and hay and 

 fruit; the landlord gets one third of the former and half the latter. 

 Tenants are generally allowed to keep their own cattle and sheep, feed- 

 ing them from their own share of the crops. When the tenant is unable 

 to stock the farm or to furnish implements, he gets but a third of the 

 produce in some counties. The stipulation in regard to taxes is seldom 

 noted in this section. On the fruit-farms of Delaware fruit is sometimes 

 reserved entirely for the landlord. In this State express stipulations 

 sometimes require the landlord to furnish lime or other fertilizers, which, 

 however, the tenant must apply to the laud. 



In passing down the Atlantic coast, a tendency is observable to ar- 

 range the share problem into three distinct elements, allowing a third 

 of thejproduct as the rental of the bare laud, a third to pay for the use 

 of stock, tools, fertilizers, &c., and the remaining third to compensate 

 the labor of production. The party furnishing all the machinery, stock, 

 &c., thus enjoys two-thirds of the proceeds. Yet this usage is subject 

 to local variation. In dividing the corn-crop, for instance, the tenant 

 gets half the grain and only a third of the fodder. A correspondent in 

 Maryland objects to the w^hole share-system, as deteriorating the land, 

 as the landlords are often compelled to employ incompetent tenant-farm- 

 ers. In some places in Virginia the bare land is first allowed one-fourth 

 of the proceeds as rent, and the remainder is divided between the land- 

 lord and tenant in the proportion in which they have each contributed 

 to stock and furnish the farm. Some landlords demand from one-third 

 to two-fifths of the grain-crops and one-half the hay, even though the 

 tenant may have stocked the farm. In other cases the landlord exacts 

 half the profits of cattle. Different classes of land also receive different 

 amounts of rent. For instance, in North Carolina, valley-land rents for 

 one half, 'While hill-sides bring only a third of the crop. Again, a dis- 

 tinction is made in regard to different crops ; laud in corn yields a third 

 of the produce to tiie landlord, while in cotton he obtains but one-fourth. 

 Where the landlord furnishes the whole or part of the stock, tools, &c., 

 his share is proportionally enlarged. In some parts of South Carolina 

 cotton-lands are rented for a specific amount of cotton, varying from 60 

 to 150 pounds per acre. In renting on shares to freedmen, sometimes 

 the landlord furnishes rations for the tenant himself and one mule, as 

 well as stock and tools, in which case he is entitled to two-thirds of the 

 crop ; without the rations, he gets but half. In the rice districts of 

 Georgia land is sometimes rented for 7 pounds of rice per acre. 



Passing to the Gulf States we find share-farming comparatively lit- 

 tle practiced in Florida, but where it is recognized, it is generally on 

 terms very similar to what, are stated for the Carolinas and Georgia. 

 The same distinction between corn and cotton, with occasional leases, 

 payable in specific amounts of cotton per acre — from 80 to 100 pounds. 



