380 



POPULATION. 



'The population of Mary laud is very small in proportion to its capacity 

 to subsist its people, and yet it is almost as densely settled as Pennsyl- 

 vania, having 70 inhabitants to the square mile in 1870, while the Key- 

 stone State had 76. The total numbers, according to the last census, 

 were 780,894, an increase in ten years of 93,845. The number of the 

 colored class' was 175,391 in 18C0, and 171,131 in 1870. Of the former 

 number, 87,189 were slaves and 83,942 free. The distribution of popu- 

 lation is as follows, Baltimore County having 42 per cent, of the whole : 



Counties. 



Alleghany .... 

 Anne Arundel 



Baltimore 



Calvert ". . 



Caroline 



Carroll 



CecU 



Charles 



Dorchester 



Frederick 



Harford 



Howard 



Aggregate. 



1860. 1870. 



28, 348 



23, 900 

 266, 553 



10, 447 



11, 12!) 



24, 533 

 23, 862 

 16,517 

 20, 461 

 46, 591 

 23, 415 

 13, 338 



38, 536 



24, 457 

 330, 741 



9,865 

 12, 101 

 28, 619 



25, 874 

 15, 738 

 19, 458 

 47, 572 

 22, 605 

 14, 150 



White. 



1870. 



37, 370 



12, 725 



282, 818 



4, 332 



8,343 



26, 444 



21, 860 



6,418 



11, 902 



39, 999 



17, 750 



10, 676 



Counties. 



Kent 



Montgomery 



Prince George's. 



Queen Anne 



Saint Mary's 



Somerset 



Talbot 



Washington 



Wicomico 



Worcester 



Total. 



Aggregate. 



1860. 1870 



13, 267 

 18, 322 



23, 327 

 15, 961 

 15,213 



24, 992 



14, 795 

 31,417 



20, 661 



17, 102 

 20,563 

 21, 138 

 16, 171 



14, 944 

 18, 190 

 16, 137 

 34, 712 



15, 802 



16, 419 



687,049 ! 780,894 



WTiite. 



1870. 



9,370 



13, 128 



11, 358 



9,579 



7,218 



10, 916 

 9,471 



31, 874 



11, 396 

 10,550 



605, 497 



FARM-PRODUCTION. 



The State of Maryland produces a full supply of breadstuffs, and has 

 a small surplus to spare, of quality unsurpassed in the United States. 

 Hay is growing into importance, as the central, northern, and western 

 counties are peculiarly adapted to production of the best grasses and 

 of clover.* Dairying and wool-growing are profitable, and conditions 



* In the western part of Alleghany " natural prairie-grass abounds ; the pastures are 

 usually timothy, blue-grass, and clover." In Washington, " grasses are rich in fatten- 

 ing qualities ; clover, lucerne, and orchard-grass flourish ; two to three tons of timo- 

 thy may be raised to the acre." " Clover, timothy, and herd-grass, or red-top, form the 

 pastures in Montgomery, but unless a rotation of crops is practiced, or the fields top- 

 dressed, briers, sedge, and the ox-eye daisy or Richardson pink obtain possession ; 

 blue-grass is found in some pastures where the soil is good." Baltimore county " i.s 

 not well supplied with natural grasses of good quality ; in some localities red-top and 

 blue-grass abound, and in many sections inferior grasses, called wild grasses, are 

 found." Grass-seeds are generally sown in Harford, but " green grass " and clover 

 come spontaneously. White clover, green grass, and herd-grass are found in Cecil, and 

 on low lands along the streams, a varietj"^ of meadow-grasses ; lands lying out are oc- 

 cupied by a coarse kind of grass called sedge. Clover and timothy are almost exclu- 

 sively cultivated. Our Queen Anne reporter writes : " On well-improved lands patches 

 of blue-grass root out the clover, and if let alone would soon take entire possession of 

 the field, but is eradicated by a corn-crop. Our meadow-lands naturally produce red- 

 top, wild oats, and a variety of coarse but succulent grasses, of which I do not know 

 the names. Our worn-out lands grow up in sedge, which supplies good early pasture." 

 Our reporter in Anne Arundel County says : " Natural grasses are almost unknown 

 here; crab-grass and woolly-head clover often grow, but are not adequate for pastur- 

 age. The soil is well adapted to clover and timothy, producing heavy crops when im- 

 proved." 



Reports from the counties estimate the average length of the pasturage-season 

 at about seven months, at an expense of from §1.50 to $3 per month ; Montgom- 

 .ery, six to six and a half months, at $1.50 per month ; Baltimore is returned as low as 

 four and a half months, at about $1.50 per month ; Cecil, six and a half months, at $2 ; 

 Kent, seven months, at $3 ; Saint Mary's, Anne Arundel, and Queen Anne report as high 

 as eight months. From the latter our correspondent writes : " Where a farmer has 

 plenty of woodland, meadow, and old-field pasture, it costs him nothing to raise cat- 

 tle, as they are not put upon clover until a crop has been cut off or it begins to fall, 

 and they are wintered on coarse provender which they convert into manure." — 

 [Monthly Report Department of Agriculture.] 



