463 



Thirty-four divisions also report in regard to potatoes; of these, ten 

 average less than lOO bushels per acre ; fifteen, from 100 to 150 ; six, 

 50 ; ten, 180, and one, 200. 



Turnips, uiaugolds, and carrots were also represented, presenting a 

 wide range of yield. The maxiiuum of mangolds was 1,000 bushels; 

 of carrots, 700 ; and of turnips, GOO. 



Contrary to expectation, the largest yields are not found in the more 

 southern and sunny districts. Avery great difference in yield is found 

 to be due to differences in farming skill and experience. Many farmers 

 of the province have taken up the business after having spent the earlier 

 part of their lives in some other calling. 



The report generalizes thus : " It is noteworthy that the higher and, 

 consequently, drier portions of fields escaped injury more or less from 

 spring frosts, while in the lower portions, where the soil was generally 

 deeper and wetter, the crop was generally injured, and in not a few In- 

 stances absolutely destroyed." These facts indicate the necessity of 

 under-draining, in order to remove the surplus water from the soil. 



Our foreign trade. — The report of the Bureau of Statistics of the 

 Treasury for the fiscal year ending June 30, 1875, gives the following 

 aggregates : 



1S74. ■ 1875. 



Imports, free of dutv $179,93G,6G8 $167,180,644 



dntiable ^ 415, 924, 580 386, 527, 509 



Total 595,861,248 553,906,153 



Exports, domestic 693,039,054 643,094,767 



foreign 23,780,338 22,43iJ,624 



Total 716,819,392 665,527,391 



Of the imports, $20,900,717 were in gold and silver coin and bullion, 

 a decrease of $7,554,111, compared with the previous year. The im- 

 ports of merchandise amountedto $533,005,438, adecrease of $31,400,913. 

 Of the exports, $92,131,692 were in the precious metals, an increase of 

 $25,501,287 ; the exports of merchandise amounted to $573,395,699, a 

 decrease of $76,793,338. The total import tradehas declined $41,955,095, 

 and the total export trade $51,292,051. In 1875 the total exports 

 exceeded the total imports by $111,621,238 ; in 1874 the excess was 

 $120,958,194. Of the precious metals, the exports of 1875 exceeded the 

 imports by $71,230,975 ; in 1874 the excess was $38,176,5^4. Of mer- 

 chandise, the exports of 1875 exceeded the imports by $40,390,263 ; in 

 1874 the excess was $82,782,650. Of the imports of 1875, $13,083,968 

 were brought across the frontier in laud-carriages, against $14,513,335 

 the previous year, or 2.36 per cent, in 1875 against 2.44 per cent, in 1874. 

 American vessels brought in $157,872,626 against $176,027,778, or 28.5 

 per cent, in 1875 against 29.41 per cent, in 1874. The imports by foreign 

 vessels in 1875 were $382,949,559, against $405,320,135, or 69.14 per 

 cent, against 68.15. Of the exports and re-exports, $7,507,550 were 

 transported across the frontier by land-carriage, against $8,509,205 in 

 1874, or 1.14 per cent, against 1.19 per cent. ; American vessels took 

 $156,153,444, against $174,424,216 in 1874, or 23.39 per cent, against 

 24.33 per cent. ; foreign bottoms transported $501,866,397, against 

 $533,885,971 in 1874, or 75.56 per cent, against 74.48 per cent. Both 

 import and export trade, then, shows an increasing preponderance of 

 foreign shipping. 



