296 MINNESOTA STATE HORTICULTURAL SOCIETY. 



Mr. Loring: All evergreens, as we know, must be handled in 

 a different manner and are, in fact, entirely different from decidu- 

 ous trees. An evergreen receives much of its sustenance from the 

 air and less from the roots than the deciduous trees. We often 

 see a large tree grow right out of the rocks and wonder where it 

 gets its sustenance. It gets it from the top. We have planted 

 a great many ornamental trees, and when we ask our gardeners 

 to cut them back to make them more beautiful they rather resent 

 it and do not wish to do it. If anybody would go to Lakewood 

 Cemetery they will see trees that were properly planted and cared 

 for, and they are beautiful trees, the limbs growing clear down to 

 the ground, as all evergreens should. These trees were sharply 

 headed in. 



Prof. Hansen: I think Mr. Loring's plan is just the one that 

 should be followed with shade trees. At the beginning of this 

 discussion we were speaking about fruit trees. About cutting back 

 shade trees to a pole when setting them out — I think they will 

 suffer with sun scald of the stem. The stem stands there without 

 any protection, and during the first season it becomes bark bound 

 and sun scalded. We find that the protecting of the stem some- 

 what with a hay band is very essential to the health of the tree. 



The President: I think that is true of some kinds of trees, 

 like the box elder and the cottonwood. I never knew an elm or 

 an ash to be injured on the south side by the sun. I went out with 

 a neighbor at one time to get some elm trees to plant around our 

 homes, and when we got through at night there was one large tree, 

 about as large as my wrist, with one little root on it, the others 

 having been split off accidentally. The first thing my neighbor 

 did was to throw that tree away, and then he said we would divide 

 the others. He said I should take first choice and he the next. 

 I took my choice and he his, and then I picked up this one with 

 the little root, took it home and planted it, and it stands in front 

 of my house today. I cut it off five or six feet, cut it square off, 

 left nothing but a pole, but in the course of a month it began to 

 push out little buds, and it grew wonderfully, and I really think 

 that tree was as good as any one of the lot I set out. It has grown 

 right along without any set back from that time to this. Now, a 

 word in regard to the wind blowing them over. I believe in 

 thorough pruning when setting out the tree, but I also believe in 

 setting them from six to eight inches deeper than they originally 

 stood in the nursery, which, I think, will avoid that blowing out 

 by the wind. If you get a tree down deeper than it was in the nur- 

 sery row and then stamp it down well all around, the wind will 

 only shake the upper part of it, but it will not disarrange the roots 

 at all, unless vou get a very heavy tree. 



